repack_bootimg.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Repacks the boot image.

Unpacks the boot image and the ramdisk inside, then add files into
the ramdisk to repack the boot image.
"""

import argparse
import enum
import json
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import tempfile


class TempFileManager:
    """Manages temporary files and dirs."""

    def __init__(self):
        self._temp_files = []

    def __del__(self):
        """Removes temp dirs and files."""
        for f in self._temp_files:
            if os.path.isdir(f):
                shutil.rmtree(f, ignore_errors=True)
            else:
                os.remove(f)

    def make_temp_dir(self, prefix='tmp', suffix=''):
        """Makes a temporary dir that will be cleaned up in the destructor.

        Returns:
            The absolute pathname of the new directory.
        """
        dir_name = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix)
        self._temp_files.append(dir_name)
        return dir_name

    def make_temp_file(self, prefix='tmp', suffix=''):
        """Make a temp file that will be deleted in the destructor.

        Returns:
            The absolute pathname of the new file.
        """
        fd, file_name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix)
        os.close(fd)
        self._temp_files.append(file_name)
        return file_name


class RamdiskFormat(enum.Enum):
    """Enum class for different ramdisk compression formats."""
    LZ4 = 1
    GZIP = 2


class BootImageType(enum.Enum):
    """Enum class for different boot image types."""
    BOOT_IMAGE = 1
    VENDOR_BOOT_IMAGE = 2


class RamdiskImage:
    """A class that supports packing/unpacking a ramdisk."""
    def __init__(self, ramdisk_img):
        self._ramdisk_img = ramdisk_img
        self._ramdisk_format = None
        self._ramdisk_dir = None
        self._temp_file_manager = TempFileManager()

        self._unpack_ramdisk()

    def _unpack_ramdisk(self):
        """Unpacks the ramdisk."""
        self._ramdisk_dir = self._temp_file_manager.make_temp_dir(
            suffix=os.path.basename(self._ramdisk_img))

        # The compression format might be in 'lz4' or 'gzip' format,
        # trying lz4 first.
        for compression_type, compression_util in [
            (RamdiskFormat.LZ4, 'lz4'),
            (RamdiskFormat.GZIP, 'minigzip')]:

            # Command arguments:
            #   -d: decompression
            #   -c: write to stdout
            decompression_cmd = [
                compression_util, '-d', '-c', self._ramdisk_img]

            decompressed_result = subprocess.run(
                decompression_cmd, check=False, capture_output=True)

            if decompressed_result.returncode == 0:
                self._ramdisk_format = compression_type
                break

        if self._ramdisk_format is not None:
            # toybox cpio arguments:
            #   -i: extract files from stdin
            #   -d: create directories if needed
            cpio_result = subprocess.run(
                ['toybox', 'cpio', '-id'], check=False,
                input=decompressed_result.stdout, capture_output=True,
                cwd=self._ramdisk_dir)

            # toybox cpio command might return a non-zero code, e.g., found
            # duplicated files in the ramdisk. Treat it as non-fatal with
            # check=False and only print the error message here.
            if cpio_result.returncode != 0:
                print('\n'
                      'WARNNING: cpio command error:\n' +
                      cpio_result.stderr.decode('utf-8').strip() + '\n')

            print("=== Unpacked ramdisk: '{}' ===".format(
                self._ramdisk_img))
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('Failed to decompress ramdisk.')

    def repack_ramdisk(self, out_ramdisk_file):
        """Repacks a ramdisk from self._ramdisk_dir.

        Args:
            out_ramdisk_file: the output ramdisk file to save.
        """
        compression_cmd = ['lz4', '-l', '-12', '--favor-decSpeed']
        if self._ramdisk_format == RamdiskFormat.GZIP:
            compression_cmd = ['minigzip']

        print('Repacking ramdisk, which might take a few seconds ...')

        mkbootfs_result = subprocess.run(
            ['mkbootfs', self._ramdisk_dir], check=True, capture_output=True)

        with open(out_ramdisk_file, 'w') as output_fd:
            subprocess.run(compression_cmd, check=True,
                           input=mkbootfs_result.stdout, stdout=output_fd)

        print("=== Repacked ramdisk: '{}' ===".format(out_ramdisk_file))

    @property
    def ramdisk_dir(self):
        """Returns the internal ramdisk dir."""
        return self._ramdisk_dir


class BootImage:
    """A class that supports packing/unpacking a boot.img and ramdisk."""

    def __init__(self, bootimg):
        self._bootimg = bootimg
        self._bootimg_dir = None
        self._bootimg_type = None
        self._ramdisk = None
        # Potential images to extract from a boot.img. Unlike the ramdisk,
        # the content of the following images will not be changed during the
        # repack process.
        self._intact_image_candidates = ('dtb', 'kernel',
                                         'recovery_dtbo', 'second')
        self._repack_intact_image_args = []
        self._temp_file_manager = TempFileManager()

        self._unpack_bootimg()

    def _unpack_bootimg(self):
        """Unpacks the boot.img and the ramdisk inside."""
        self._bootimg_dir = self._temp_file_manager.make_temp_dir(
            suffix=os.path.basename(self._bootimg))

        # Unpacks the boot.img first.
        subprocess.check_call(
            ['unpack_bootimg', '--boot_img', self._bootimg,
             '--out', self._bootimg_dir], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        print("=== Unpacked boot image: '{}' ===".format(self._bootimg))

        for img_name in self._intact_image_candidates:
            img_file = os.path.join(self._bootimg_dir, img_name)
            if os.path.exists(img_file):
                # Prepares args for repacking those intact images. e.g.,
                # --kernel kernel_image, --dtb dtb_image.
                self._repack_intact_image_args.extend(
                    ['--' + img_name, img_file])

        # From the output dir, checks there is 'ramdisk' or 'vendor_ramdisk'.
        ramdisk = os.path.join(self._bootimg_dir, 'ramdisk')
        vendor_ramdisk = os.path.join(self._bootimg_dir, 'vendor_ramdisk')
        if os.path.exists(ramdisk):
            self._ramdisk = RamdiskImage(ramdisk)
            self._bootimg_type = BootImageType.BOOT_IMAGE
        elif os.path.exists(vendor_ramdisk):
            self._ramdisk = RamdiskImage(vendor_ramdisk)
            self._bootimg_type = BootImageType.VENDOR_BOOT_IMAGE
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('Both ramdisk and vendor_ramdisk do not exist.')

    @property
    def _previous_mkbootimg_args(self):
        """Returns the previous mkbootimg args from mkbootimg_args.json file."""
        # Loads the saved mkbootimg_args.json from previous unpack_bootimg.
        command = []
        mkbootimg_config = os.path.join(
            self._bootimg_dir, 'mkbootimg_args.json')
        with open (mkbootimg_config) as config:
            mkbootimg_args = json.load(config)
            for argname, value in mkbootimg_args.items():
                # argname, e.g., 'board', 'header_version', etc., does not have
                # prefix '--', which is required when invoking `mkbootimg.py`.
                # Prepends '--' to make the full args, e.g., --header_version.
                command.extend(['--' + argname, value])
        return command

    def repack_bootimg(self):
        """Repacks the ramdisk and rebuild the boot.img"""

        new_ramdisk = self._temp_file_manager.make_temp_file(
            prefix='ramdisk-patched')
        self._ramdisk.repack_ramdisk(new_ramdisk)

        mkbootimg_cmd = ['mkbootimg']

        # Uses previous mkbootimg args, e.g., --vendor_cmdline, --dtb_offset.
        mkbootimg_cmd.extend(self._previous_mkbootimg_args)

        if self._repack_intact_image_args:
            mkbootimg_cmd.extend(self._repack_intact_image_args)

        if self._bootimg_type == BootImageType.VENDOR_BOOT_IMAGE:
            mkbootimg_cmd.extend(['--vendor_ramdisk', new_ramdisk])
            mkbootimg_cmd.extend(['--vendor_boot', self._bootimg])
            # TODO(bowgotsai): add support for multiple vendor ramdisk.
        else:
            mkbootimg_cmd.extend(['--ramdisk', new_ramdisk])
            mkbootimg_cmd.extend(['--output', self._bootimg])

        subprocess.check_call(mkbootimg_cmd)
        print("=== Repacked boot image: '{}' ===".format(self._bootimg))

    def add_files(self, src_dir, files):
        """Copy files from the src_dir into current ramdisk.

        Args:
            src_dir: a source dir containing the files to copy from.
            files: a list of files or src_file:dst_file pairs to copy from
              src_dir to the current ramdisk.
        """
        # Creates missing parent dirs with 0o755.
        original_mask = os.umask(0o022)
        for f in files:
            if ':' in f:
                src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, f.split(':')[0])
                dst_file = os.path.join(self.ramdisk_dir, f.split(':')[1])
            else:
                src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, f)
                dst_file = os.path.join(self.ramdisk_dir, f)

            dst_dir = os.path.dirname(dst_file)
            if not os.path.exists(dst_dir):
                print("Creating dir '{}'".format(dst_dir))
                os.makedirs(dst_dir, 0o755)
            print("Copying file '{}' into '{}'".format(src_file, dst_file))
            shutil.copy2(src_file, dst_file)
        os.umask(original_mask)

    @property
    def ramdisk_dir(self):
        """Returns the internal ramdisk dir."""
        return self._ramdisk.ramdisk_dir


def _get_repack_usage():
    return """Usage examples:

  * --ramdisk_add

    Specifies a list of files or src_file:dst_file pairs to copy from
    --src_bootimg's ramdisk into --dst_bootimg's ramdisk.

    $ repack_bootimg \\
        --src_bootimg boot-debug-5.4.img --dst_bootimg vendor_boot-debug.img \\
        --ramdisk_add first_stage_ramdisk/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil:userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil

    The above command copies '/first_stage_ramdisk/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil'
    from --src_bootimg's ramdisk to '/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil' of
    --dst_bootimg's ramdisk, then repacks the --dst_bootimg.

    $ repack_bootimg \\
        --src_bootimg boot-debug-5.4.img --dst_bootimg vendor_boot-debug.img \\
        --ramdisk_add first_stage_ramdisk/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil

    This is similar to the previous example, but the source file path and
    destination file path are the same:
        '/first_stage_ramdisk/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil'.

    We can also combine both usage together with a list of copy instructions.
    For example:

    $ repack_bootimg \\
        --src_bootimg boot-debug-5.4.img --dst_bootimg vendor_boot-debug.img \\
        --ramdisk_add file1 file2:/subdir/file2 file3
"""


def _parse_args():
    """Parse command-line options."""
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
        description='Repacks boot, recovery or vendor_boot image by importing'
                    'ramdisk files from --src_bootimg to --dst_bootimg.',
        epilog=_get_repack_usage(),
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        '--src_bootimg', help='filename to source boot image',
        type=str, required=True)
    parser.add_argument(
        '--dst_bootimg', help='filename to destination boot image',
        type=str, required=True)
    parser.add_argument(
        '--ramdisk_add', nargs='+',
        help='a list of files or src_file:dst_file pairs to add into '
             'the ramdisk',
        default=['first_stage_ramdisk/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil']
    )

    return parser.parse_args()


def main():
    """Parse arguments and repack boot image."""
    args = _parse_args()
    src_bootimg = BootImage(args.src_bootimg)
    dst_bootimg = BootImage(args.dst_bootimg)
    dst_bootimg.add_files(src_bootimg.ramdisk_dir, args.ramdisk_add)
    dst_bootimg.repack_bootimg()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()