rs/java/android/renderscript/Allocation.java - LeafOS-Project/android_frameworks_base - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2008-2012 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 package android.renderscript;

 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.HashMap;

 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.graphics.Bitmap;
 import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
 import android.graphics.Canvas;
 import android.os.Trace;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.Surface;

 /**
  * <p> This class provides the primary method through which data is passed to
  * and from RenderScript kernels.  An Allocation provides the backing store for
  * a given {@link android.renderscript.Type}.  </p>
  *
  * <p>An Allocation also contains a set of usage flags that denote how the
  * Allocation could be used. For example, an Allocation may have usage flags
  * specifying that it can be used from a script as well as input to a {@link
  * android.renderscript.Sampler}. A developer must synchronize across these
  * different usages using {@link android.renderscript.Allocation#syncAll} in
  * order to ensure that different users of the Allocation have a consistent view
  * of memory. For example, in the case where an Allocation is used as the output
  * of one kernel and as Sampler input in a later kernel, a developer must call
  * {@link #syncAll syncAll(Allocation.USAGE_SCRIPT)} prior to launching the
  * second kernel to ensure correctness.
  *
  * <p>An Allocation can be populated with the {@link #copyFrom} routines. For
  * more complex Element types, the {@link #copyFromUnchecked} methods can be
  * used to copy from byte arrays or similar constructs.</p>
  *
  * <div class="special reference">
  * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
  * <p>For more information about creating an application that uses RenderScript, read the
  * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/renderscript/index.html">RenderScript</a> developer guide.</p>
  * </div>
  **/

 public class Allocation extends BaseObj {
     private static final int MAX_NUMBER_IO_INPUT_ALLOC = 16;

     Type mType;
     boolean mOwningType = false;
     Bitmap mBitmap;
     int mUsage;
     Allocation mAdaptedAllocation;
     int mSize;
     MipmapControl mMipmapControl;

     long mTimeStamp = -1;
     boolean mReadAllowed = true;
     boolean mWriteAllowed = true;
     boolean mAutoPadding = false;
     int mSelectedX;
     int mSelectedY;
     int mSelectedZ;
     int mSelectedLOD;
     int mSelectedArray[];
     Type.CubemapFace mSelectedFace = Type.CubemapFace.POSITIVE_X;

     int mCurrentDimX;
     int mCurrentDimY;
     int mCurrentDimZ;
     int mCurrentCount;
     static HashMap<Long, Allocation> mAllocationMap =
             new HashMap<Long, Allocation>();
     OnBufferAvailableListener mBufferNotifier;

     private Surface mGetSurfaceSurface = null;
     private ByteBuffer mByteBuffer = null;
     private long mByteBufferStride = -1;

     private Element.DataType validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(Object d, boolean checkType) {
         final Class c = d.getClass();
         if (!c.isArray()) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Object passed is not an array of primitives.");
         }
         final Class cmp = c.getComponentType();
         if (!cmp.isPrimitive()) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Object passed is not an Array of primitives.");
         }

         if (cmp == Long.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsInt64();
                 return mType.mElement.mType;
             }
             return Element.DataType.SIGNED_64;
         }

         if (cmp == Integer.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsInt32();
                 return mType.mElement.mType;
             }
             return Element.DataType.SIGNED_32;
         }

         if (cmp == Short.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
                 return mType.mElement.mType;
             }
             return Element.DataType.SIGNED_16;
         }

         if (cmp == Byte.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsInt8();
                 return mType.mElement.mType;
             }
             return Element.DataType.SIGNED_8;
         }

         if (cmp == Float.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsFloat32();
             }
             return Element.DataType.FLOAT_32;
         }

         if (cmp == Double.TYPE) {
             if (checkType) {
                 validateIsFloat64();
             }
             return Element.DataType.FLOAT_64;
         }

         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Parameter of type " + cmp.getSimpleName() +
             "[] is not compatible with data type " + mType.mElement.mType.name() +
             " of allocation");
     }


     /**
      * The usage of the Allocation.  These signal to RenderScript where to place
      * the Allocation in memory.
      *
      */

     /**
      * The Allocation will be bound to and accessed by scripts.
      */
     public static final int USAGE_SCRIPT = 0x0001;

     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as a texture source by one or more graphics
      * programs.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE = 0x0002;

     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as a graphics mesh.
      *
      * This was deprecated in API level 16.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_GRAPHICS_VERTEX = 0x0004;


     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as the source of shader constants by one or
      * more programs.
      *
      * This was deprecated in API level 16.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_GRAPHICS_CONSTANTS = 0x0008;

     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as a target for offscreen rendering
      *
      * This was deprecated in API level 16.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_GRAPHICS_RENDER_TARGET = 0x0010;

     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as a {@link android.view.Surface}
      * consumer.  This usage will cause the Allocation to be created
      * as read-only.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_IO_INPUT = 0x0020;

     /**
      * The Allocation will be used as a {@link android.view.Surface}
      * producer.  The dimensions and format of the {@link
      * android.view.Surface} will be forced to those of the
      * Allocation.
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_IO_OUTPUT = 0x0040;

     /**
      * The Allocation's backing store will be inherited from another object
      * (usually a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}); copying to or from the
      * original source Bitmap will cause a synchronization rather than a full
      * copy.  {@link #syncAll} may also be used to synchronize the Allocation
      * and the source Bitmap.
      *
      * <p>This is set by default for allocations created with {@link
      * #createFromBitmap} in API version 18 and higher.</p>
      *
      */
     public static final int USAGE_SHARED = 0x0080;

     /**
      * Controls mipmap behavior when using the bitmap creation and update
      * functions.
      */
     public enum MipmapControl {
         /**
          * No mipmaps will be generated and the type generated from the incoming
          * bitmap will not contain additional LODs.
          */
         MIPMAP_NONE(0),

         /**
          * A full mipmap chain will be created in script memory.  The Type of
          * the Allocation will contain a full mipmap chain.  On upload, the full
          * chain will be transferred.
          */
         MIPMAP_FULL(1),

         /**
          * The Type of the Allocation will be the same as MIPMAP_NONE.  It will
          * not contain mipmaps.  On upload, the allocation data will contain a
          * full mipmap chain generated from the top level in script memory.
          */
         MIPMAP_ON_SYNC_TO_TEXTURE(2);

         int mID;
         MipmapControl(int id) {
             mID = id;
         }
     }


     private long getIDSafe() {
         if (mAdaptedAllocation != null) {
             return mAdaptedAllocation.getID(mRS);
         }
         return getID(mRS);
     }


    /**
      * Get the {@link android.renderscript.Element} of the {@link
      * android.renderscript.Type} of the Allocation.
      *
      * @return Element
      *
      */
     public Element getElement() {
         return mType.getElement();
     }

     /**
      * Get the usage flags of the Allocation.
      *
      * @return usage this Allocation's set of the USAGE_* flags OR'd together
      *
      */
     public int getUsage() {
         return mUsage;
     }

     /**
      * @hide
      * Get the Mipmap control flag of the Allocation.
      *
      * @return the Mipmap control flag of the Allocation
      *
      */
     public MipmapControl getMipmap() {
         return mMipmapControl;
     }

     /**
      * Specifies the mapping between the Allocation's cells and an array's elements
      * when data is copied from the Allocation to the array, or vice-versa.
      *
      * Only applies to an Allocation whose Element is a vector of length 3 (such as
      * {@link Element#U8_3} or {@link Element#RGB_888}). Enabling this feature may make
      * copying data from the Allocation to an array or vice-versa less efficient.
      *
      * <p> Vec3 Element cells are stored in an Allocation as Vec4 Element cells with
      * the same {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}, with the fourth vector
      * component treated as padding. When this feature is enabled, only the data components,
      * i.e. the first 3 vector components of each cell, will be mapped between the array
      * and the Allocation. When disabled, explicit mapping of the padding components
      * is required, as described in the following example.
      *
      * <p> For example, when copying an integer array to an Allocation of two {@link
      * Element#I32_3} cells using {@link #copyFrom(int[])}:
      * <p> When disabled:
      *     The array must have at least 8 integers, with the first 4 integers copied
      *     to the first cell of the Allocation, and the next 4 integers copied to
      *     the second cell. The 4th and 8th integers are mapped as the padding components.
      *
      * <p> When enabled:
      *     The array just needs to have at least 6 integers, with the first 3 integers
      *     copied to the the first cell as data components, and the next 3 copied to
      *     the second cell. There is no mapping for the padding components.
      *
      * <p> Similarly, when copying a byte array to an Allocation of two {@link
      * Element#I32_3} cells, using {@link #copyFromUnchecked(int[])}:
      * <p> When disabled:
      *     The array must have at least 32 bytes, with the first 16 bytes copied
      *     to the first cell of the Allocation, and the next 16 bytes copied to
      *     the second cell. The 13th-16th and 29th-32nd bytes are mapped as padding
      *     components.
      *
      * <p> When enabled:
      *     The array just needs to have at least 24 bytes, with the first 12 bytes copied
      *     to the first cell of the Allocation, and the next 12 bytes copied to
      *     the second cell. There is no mapping for the padding components.
      *
      * <p> Similar to copying data to an Allocation from an array, when copying data from an
      * Allocation to an array, the padding components for Vec3 Element cells will not be
      * copied/mapped to the array if AutoPadding is enabled.
      *
      * <p> Default: Disabled.
      *
      * @param useAutoPadding True: enable AutoPadding; False: disable AutoPadding
      *
      */
     public void setAutoPadding(boolean useAutoPadding) {
         mAutoPadding = useAutoPadding;
     }

     /**
      * Get the size of the Allocation in bytes.
      *
      * @return size of the Allocation in bytes.
      *
      */
     public int getBytesSize() {
         if (mType.mDimYuv != 0) {
             return (int)Math.ceil(mType.getCount() * mType.getElement().getBytesSize() * 1.5);
         }
         return mType.getCount() * mType.getElement().getBytesSize();
     }

     private void updateCacheInfo(Type t) {
         mCurrentDimX = t.getX();
         mCurrentDimY = t.getY();
         mCurrentDimZ = t.getZ();
         mCurrentCount = mCurrentDimX;
         if (mCurrentDimY > 1) {
             mCurrentCount *= mCurrentDimY;
         }
         if (mCurrentDimZ > 1) {
             mCurrentCount *= mCurrentDimZ;
         }
     }

     private void setBitmap(Bitmap b) {
         mBitmap = b;
     }

     Allocation(long id, RenderScript rs, Type t, int usage) {
         super(id, rs);
         if ((usage & ~(USAGE_SCRIPT |
                        USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE |
                        USAGE_GRAPHICS_VERTEX |
                        USAGE_GRAPHICS_CONSTANTS |
                        USAGE_GRAPHICS_RENDER_TARGET |
                        USAGE_IO_INPUT |
                        USAGE_IO_OUTPUT |
                        USAGE_SHARED)) != 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Unknown usage specified.");
         }

         if ((usage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) != 0) {
             mWriteAllowed = false;

             if ((usage & ~(USAGE_IO_INPUT |
                            USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE |
                            USAGE_SCRIPT)) != 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Invalid usage combination.");
             }
         }

         mType = t;
         mUsage = usage;

         if (t != null) {
             // TODO: A3D doesn't have Type info during creation, so we can't
             // calculate the size ahead of time. We can possibly add a method
             // to update the size in the future if it seems reasonable.
             mSize = mType.getCount() * mType.getElement().getBytesSize();
             updateCacheInfo(t);
         }
         try {
             RenderScript.registerNativeAllocation.invoke(RenderScript.sRuntime, mSize);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Log.e(RenderScript.LOG_TAG, "Couldn't invoke registerNativeAllocation:" + e);
             throw new RSRuntimeException("Couldn't invoke registerNativeAllocation:" + e);
         }
         guard.open("destroy");
     }

     Allocation(long id, RenderScript rs, Type t, boolean owningType, int usage, MipmapControl mips) {
         this(id, rs, t, usage);
         mOwningType = owningType;
         mMipmapControl = mips;
     }

     protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
         RenderScript.registerNativeFree.invoke(RenderScript.sRuntime, mSize);
         super.finalize();
     }

     private void validateIsInt64() {
         if ((mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.SIGNED_64) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.UNSIGNED_64)) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "64 bit integer source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsInt32() {
         if ((mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.SIGNED_32) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.UNSIGNED_32)) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "32 bit integer source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsInt16OrFloat16() {
         if ((mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.SIGNED_16) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.UNSIGNED_16) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.FLOAT_16)) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "16 bit integer source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsInt8() {
         if ((mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.SIGNED_8) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.UNSIGNED_8)) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "8 bit integer source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsFloat32() {
         if (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.FLOAT_32) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "32 bit float source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsFloat64() {
         if (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.FLOAT_64) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "64 bit float source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     private void validateIsObject() {
         if ((mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_ELEMENT) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_TYPE) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_ALLOCATION) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_SAMPLER) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_SCRIPT) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_MESH) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_PROGRAM_FRAGMENT) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_PROGRAM_VERTEX) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_PROGRAM_RASTER) ||
             (mType.mElement.mType == Element.DataType.RS_PROGRAM_STORE)) {
             return;
         }
         throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
             "Object source does not match allocation type " + mType.mElement.mType);
     }

     @Override
     void updateFromNative() {
         super.updateFromNative();
         long typeID = mRS.nAllocationGetType(getID(mRS));
         if(typeID != 0) {
             mType = new Type(typeID, mRS);
             mType.updateFromNative();
             updateCacheInfo(mType);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Get the {@link android.renderscript.Type} of the Allocation.
      *
      * @return Type
      *
      */
     public Type getType() {
         return mType;
     }

     /**
      * Propagate changes from one usage of the Allocation to the
      * other usages of the Allocation.
      *
      */
     public void syncAll(int srcLocation) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "syncAll");
             switch (srcLocation) {
                 case USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE:
                 case USAGE_SCRIPT:
                     if ((mUsage & USAGE_SHARED) != 0) {
                         copyFrom(mBitmap);
                     }
                     break;
                 case USAGE_GRAPHICS_CONSTANTS:
                 case USAGE_GRAPHICS_VERTEX:
                     break;
                 case USAGE_SHARED:
                     if ((mUsage & USAGE_SHARED) != 0) {
                         copyTo(mBitmap);
                     }
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Source must be exactly one usage type.");
             }
             mRS.validate();
             mRS.nAllocationSyncAll(getIDSafe(), srcLocation);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Send a buffer to the output stream.  The contents of the Allocation will
      * be undefined after this operation. This operation is only valid if {@link
      * #USAGE_IO_OUTPUT} is set on the Allocation.
      *
      *
      */
     public void ioSend() {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "ioSend");
             if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_OUTPUT) == 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
                     "Can only send buffer if IO_OUTPUT usage specified.");
             }
             mRS.validate();
             mRS.nAllocationIoSend(getID(mRS));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Receive the latest input into the Allocation. This operation
      * is only valid if {@link #USAGE_IO_INPUT} is set on the Allocation.
      *
      */
     public void ioReceive() {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "ioReceive");
             if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) == 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
                     "Can only receive if IO_INPUT usage specified.");
             }
             mRS.validate();
             mTimeStamp = mRS.nAllocationIoReceive(getID(mRS));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array of RS objects to the Allocation.
      *
      * @param d Source array.
      */
     public void copyFrom(BaseObj[] d) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFrom");
             mRS.validate();
             validateIsObject();
             if (d.length != mCurrentCount) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array size mismatch, allocation sizeX = " +
                                                       mCurrentCount + ", array length = " + d.length);
             }

             if (RenderScript.sPointerSize == 8) {
                 long i[] = new long[d.length * 4];
                 for (int ct=0; ct < d.length; ct++) {
                     i[ct * 4] = d[ct].getID(mRS);
                 }
                 copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(0, mCurrentCount, i);
             } else {
                 int i[] = new int[d.length];
                 for (int ct=0; ct < d.length; ct++) {
                     i[ct] = (int) d[ct].getID(mRS);
                 }
                 copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(0, mCurrentCount, i);
             }
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     private void validateBitmapFormat(Bitmap b) {
         Bitmap.Config bc = b.getConfig();
         if (bc == null) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Bitmap has an unsupported format for this operation");
         }
         switch (bc) {
         case ALPHA_8:
             if (mType.getElement().mKind != Element.DataKind.PIXEL_A) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Allocation kind is " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mKind + ", type " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mType +
                                                      " of " + mType.getElement().getBytesSize() +
                                                      " bytes, passed bitmap was " + bc);
             }
             break;
         case ARGB_8888:
             if ((mType.getElement().mKind != Element.DataKind.PIXEL_RGBA) ||
                 (mType.getElement().getBytesSize() != 4)) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Allocation kind is " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mKind + ", type " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mType +
                                                      " of " + mType.getElement().getBytesSize() +
                                                      " bytes, passed bitmap was " + bc);
             }
             break;
         case RGB_565:
             if ((mType.getElement().mKind != Element.DataKind.PIXEL_RGB) ||
                 (mType.getElement().getBytesSize() != 2)) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Allocation kind is " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mKind + ", type " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mType +
                                                      " of " + mType.getElement().getBytesSize() +
                                                      " bytes, passed bitmap was " + bc);
             }
             break;
         case ARGB_4444:
             if ((mType.getElement().mKind != Element.DataKind.PIXEL_RGBA) ||
                 (mType.getElement().getBytesSize() != 2)) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Allocation kind is " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mKind + ", type " +
                                                      mType.getElement().mType +
                                                      " of " + mType.getElement().getBytesSize() +
                                                      " bytes, passed bitmap was " + bc);
             }
             break;

         }
     }

     private void validateBitmapSize(Bitmap b) {
         if((mCurrentDimX != b.getWidth()) || (mCurrentDimY != b.getHeight())) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Cannot update allocation from bitmap, sizes mismatch");
         }
     }

     private void copyFromUnchecked(Object array, Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFromUnchecked");
             mRS.validate();
             if (mCurrentDimZ > 0) {
                 copy3DRangeFromUnchecked(0, 0, 0, mCurrentDimX, mCurrentDimY, mCurrentDimZ, array, dt, arrayLen);
             } else if (mCurrentDimY > 0) {
                 copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(0, 0, mCurrentDimX, mCurrentDimY, array, dt, arrayLen);
             } else {
                 copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(0, mCurrentCount, array, dt, arrayLen);
             }
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }


     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array. This method does not guarantee
      * that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer; it copies memory
      * without reinterpretation.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param array The source array
      */
     public void copyFromUnchecked(Object array) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFromUnchecked");
             copyFromUnchecked(array, validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, false),
                               java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array. This method does not guarantee
      * that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer; it copies memory
      * without reinterpretation.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFromUnchecked(int[] d) {
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array. This method does not guarantee
      * that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer; it copies memory
      * without reinterpretation.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFromUnchecked(short[] d) {
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array. This method does not guarantee
      * that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer; it copies memory
      * without reinterpretation.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFromUnchecked(byte[] d) {
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array. This method does not guarantee
      * that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer; it copies memory
      * without reinterpretation.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFromUnchecked(float[] d) {
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }


     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the array's
      * primitive type.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param array The source array
      */
     public void copyFrom(Object array) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFrom");
             copyFromUnchecked(array, validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                               java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 32 bit integer nor a vector of 32 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFrom(int[] d) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 16 bit integer nor a vector of 16 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFrom(short[] d) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not an 8 bit integer nor a vector of 8 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFrom(byte[] d) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into this Allocation from an array.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector of
      * 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copyFrom(float[] d) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copyFromUnchecked(d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy into an Allocation from a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}.  The
      * height, width, and format of the bitmap must match the existing
      * allocation.
      *
      * <p>If the {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} is the same as the {@link
      * android.graphics.Bitmap} used to create the Allocation with {@link
      * #createFromBitmap} and {@link #USAGE_SHARED} is set on the Allocation,
      * this will synchronize the Allocation with the latest data from the {@link
      * android.graphics.Bitmap}, potentially avoiding the actual copy.</p>
      *
      * @param b the source bitmap
      */
     public void copyFrom(Bitmap b) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFrom");
             mRS.validate();
             if (b.getConfig() == null) {
                 Bitmap newBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b.getWidth(), b.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
                 Canvas c = new Canvas(newBitmap);
                 c.drawBitmap(b, 0, 0, null);
                 copyFrom(newBitmap);
                 return;
             }
             validateBitmapSize(b);
             validateBitmapFormat(b);
             mRS.nAllocationCopyFromBitmap(getID(mRS), b);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy an Allocation from an Allocation.  The types of both allocations
      * must be identical.
      *
      * @param a the source allocation
      */
     public void copyFrom(Allocation a) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyFrom");
             mRS.validate();
             if (!mType.equals(a.getType())) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Types of allocations must match.");
             }
             copy2DRangeFrom(0, 0, mCurrentDimX, mCurrentDimY, a, 0, 0);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * This is only intended to be used by auto-generated code reflected from
      * the RenderScript script files and should not be used by developers.
      *
      * @param xoff
      * @param fp
      */
     public void setFromFieldPacker(int xoff, FieldPacker fp) {
         mRS.validate();
         int eSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize();
         final byte[] data = fp.getData();
         int data_length = fp.getPos();

         int count = data_length / eSize;
         if ((eSize * count) != data_length) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Field packer length " + data_length +
                                                " not divisible by element size " + eSize + ".");
         }
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, count, data);
     }


     /**
      * This is only intended to be used by auto-generated code reflected from
      * the RenderScript script files and should not be used by developers.
      *
      * @param xoff
      * @param component_number
      * @param fp
      */
     public void setFromFieldPacker(int xoff, int component_number, FieldPacker fp) {
         setFromFieldPacker(xoff, 0, 0, component_number, fp);
     }

     /**
      * This is only intended to be used by auto-generated code reflected from
      * the RenderScript script files and should not be used by developers.
      *
      * @param xoff
      * @param yoff
      * @param zoff
      * @param component_number
      * @param fp
      */
     public void setFromFieldPacker(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int component_number, FieldPacker fp) {
         mRS.validate();
         if (component_number >= mType.mElement.mElements.length) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Component_number " + component_number + " out of range.");
         }
         if(xoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset x must be >= 0.");
         }
         if(yoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset y must be >= 0.");
         }
         if(zoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset z must be >= 0.");
         }

         final byte[] data = fp.getData();
         int data_length = fp.getPos();
         int eSize = mType.mElement.mElements[component_number].getBytesSize();
         eSize *= mType.mElement.mArraySizes[component_number];

         if (data_length != eSize) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Field packer sizelength " + data_length +
                                                " does not match component size " + eSize + ".");
         }

         mRS.nAllocationElementData(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, zoff, mSelectedLOD,
                                    component_number, data, data_length);
     }

     private void data1DChecks(int off, int count, int len, int dataSize, boolean usePadding) {
         mRS.validate();
         if(off < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset must be >= 0.");
         }
         if(count < 1) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Count must be >= 1.");
         }
         if((off + count) > mCurrentCount) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Overflow, Available count " + mCurrentCount +
                                                ", got " + count + " at offset " + off + ".");
         }
         if(usePadding) {
             if(len < dataSize / 4 * 3) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
             }
         } else {
             if(len < dataSize) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * Generate a mipmap chain. This is only valid if the Type of the Allocation
      * includes mipmaps.
      *
      * <p>This function will generate a complete set of mipmaps from the top
      * level LOD and place them into the script memory space.</p>
      *
      * <p>If the Allocation is also using other memory spaces, a call to {@link
      * #syncAll syncAll(Allocation.USAGE_SCRIPT)} is required.</p>
      */
     public void generateMipmaps() {
         mRS.nAllocationGenerateMipmaps(getID(mRS));
     }

     private void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, Object array,
                                           Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy1DRangeFromUnchecked");
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * count;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 usePadding = true;
             }
             data1DChecks(off, count, arrayLen * dt.mSize, dataSize, usePadding);
             mRS.nAllocationData1D(getIDSafe(), off, mSelectedLOD, count, array, dataSize, dt,
                                   mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }


     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param array The source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, Object array) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, array,
                                  validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, false),
                                  java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, int[] d) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, short[] d) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, byte[] d) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(int off, int count, float[] d) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the component type
      * of the array passed in.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param array The source array.
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, Object array) {
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, array,
                                  validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                  java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not an 32 bit integer nor a vector of 32 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, int[] d) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not an 16 bit integer nor a vector of 16 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, short[] d) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not an 8 bit integer nor a vector of 8 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, byte[] d) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy an array into a 1D region of this Allocation.  This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector of
      * 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array.
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, float[] d) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copy1DRangeFromUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }

      /**
      * Copy part of an Allocation into this Allocation.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param data the source data allocation.
      * @param dataOff off The offset of the first element in data to
      *          be copied.
      */
     public void copy1DRangeFrom(int off, int count, Allocation data, int dataOff) {
         Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy1DRangeFrom");
         mRS.nAllocationData2D(getIDSafe(), off, 0,
                               mSelectedLOD, mSelectedFace.mID,
                               count, 1, data.getID(mRS), dataOff, 0,
                               data.mSelectedLOD, data.mSelectedFace.mID);
         Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
     }

     private void validate2DRange(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h) {
         if (mAdaptedAllocation != null) {

         } else {

             if (xoff < 0 || yoff < 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset cannot be negative.");
             }
             if (h < 0 || w < 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Height or width cannot be negative.");
             }
             if (((xoff + w) > mCurrentDimX) || ((yoff + h) > mCurrentDimY)) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Updated region larger than allocation.");
             }
         }
     }

     void copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, Object array,
                                   Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy2DRangeFromUnchecked");
             mRS.validate();
             validate2DRange(xoff, yoff, w, h);
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * w * h;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             int sizeBytes = arrayLen * dt.mSize;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 if (dataSize / 4 * 3 > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
                 usePadding = true;
                 sizeBytes = dataSize;
             } else {
                 if (dataSize > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
             }
             mRS.nAllocationData2D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, mSelectedLOD, mSelectedFace.mID, w, h,
                                   array, sizeBytes, dt,
                                   mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a rectangular region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the input data type.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param array Data to be placed into the Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, Object array) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy2DRangeFrom");
             copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, array,
                                      validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                      java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a rectangular region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not an 8 bit integer nor a vector of 8 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param data to be placed into the Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, byte[] data) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                  Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a rectangular region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 16 bit integer nor a vector of 16 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param data to be placed into the Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, short[] data) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                  Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a rectangular region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 32 bit integer nor a vector of 32 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param data to be placed into the Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, int[] data) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                  Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a rectangular region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector of
      * 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param data to be placed into the Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, float[] data) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copy2DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                  Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a rectangular region from an Allocation into a rectangular region in
      * this Allocation.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update.
      * @param h Height of the region to update.
      * @param data source Allocation.
      * @param dataXoff X offset in source Allocation
      * @param dataYoff Y offset in source Allocation
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h,
                                 Allocation data, int dataXoff, int dataYoff) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy2DRangeFrom");
             mRS.validate();
             validate2DRange(xoff, yoff, w, h);
             mRS.nAllocationData2D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff,
                                   mSelectedLOD, mSelectedFace.mID,
                                   w, h, data.getID(mRS), dataXoff, dataYoff,
                                   data.mSelectedLOD, data.mSelectedFace.mID);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} into an Allocation.  The height
      * and width of the update will use the height and width of the {@link
      * android.graphics.Bitmap}.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param data the Bitmap to be copied
      */
     public void copy2DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, Bitmap data) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy2DRangeFrom");
             mRS.validate();
             if (data.getConfig() == null) {
                 Bitmap newBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(data.getWidth(), data.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
                 Canvas c = new Canvas(newBitmap);
                 c.drawBitmap(data, 0, 0, null);
                 copy2DRangeFrom(xoff, yoff, newBitmap);
                 return;
             }
             validateBitmapFormat(data);
             validate2DRange(xoff, yoff, data.getWidth(), data.getHeight());
             mRS.nAllocationData2D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, mSelectedLOD, mSelectedFace.mID, data);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     private void validate3DRange(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d) {
         if (mAdaptedAllocation != null) {

         } else {

             if (xoff < 0 || yoff < 0 || zoff < 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset cannot be negative.");
             }
             if (h < 0 || w < 0 || d < 0) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Height or width cannot be negative.");
             }
             if (((xoff + w) > mCurrentDimX) || ((yoff + h) > mCurrentDimY) || ((zoff + d) > mCurrentDimZ)) {
                 throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Updated region larger than allocation.");
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy a rectangular region from the array into the allocation.
      * The array is assumed to be tightly packed.
      *
      * The data type of the array is not required to be the same as
      * the element data type.
      */
     private void copy3DRangeFromUnchecked(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d,
                                           Object array, Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy3DRangeFromUnchecked");
             mRS.validate();
             validate3DRange(xoff, yoff, zoff, w, h, d);
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * w * h * d;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             int sizeBytes = arrayLen * dt.mSize;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 if (dataSize / 4 * 3 > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
                 usePadding = true;
                 sizeBytes = dataSize;
             } else {
                 if (dataSize > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
             }
             mRS.nAllocationData3D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, zoff, mSelectedLOD, w, h, d,
                                   array, sizeBytes, dt,
                                   mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy from an array into a 3D region in this Allocation.  The
      * array is assumed to be tightly packed. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the input data type.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * d * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param zoff Z offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update
      * @param h Height of the region to update
      * @param d Depth of the region to update
      * @param array to be placed into the allocation
      */
     public void copy3DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d, Object array) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy3DRangeFrom");
             copy3DRangeFromUnchecked(xoff, yoff, zoff, w, h, d, array,
                                      validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                      java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy a rectangular region into the allocation from another
      * allocation.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param zoff Z offset of the region to update in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to update.
      * @param h Height of the region to update.
      * @param d Depth of the region to update.
      * @param data source allocation.
      * @param dataXoff X offset of the region in the source Allocation
      * @param dataYoff Y offset of the region in the source Allocation
      * @param dataZoff Z offset of the region in the source Allocation
      */
     public void copy3DRangeFrom(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d,
                                 Allocation data, int dataXoff, int dataYoff, int dataZoff) {
         mRS.validate();
         validate3DRange(xoff, yoff, zoff, w, h, d);
         mRS.nAllocationData3D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, zoff, mSelectedLOD,
                               w, h, d, data.getID(mRS), dataXoff, dataYoff, dataZoff,
                               data.mSelectedLOD);
     }


     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}.  The
      * bitmap must match the dimensions of the Allocation.
      *
      * @param b The bitmap to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(Bitmap b) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyTo");
             mRS.validate();
             validateBitmapFormat(b);
             validateBitmapSize(b);
             mRS.nAllocationCopyToBitmap(getID(mRS), b);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     private void copyTo(Object array, Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copyTo");
             mRS.validate();
             boolean usePadding = false;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 usePadding = true;
             }
             if (usePadding) {
                 if (dt.mSize * arrayLen < mSize / 4 * 3) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
                         "Size of output array cannot be smaller than size of allocation.");
                 }
             } else {
                 if (dt.mSize * arrayLen < mSize) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException(
                         "Size of output array cannot be smaller than size of allocation.");
                 }
             }
             mRS.nAllocationRead(getID(mRS), array, dt, mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into an array. The method is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the input data type.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells will be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param array The array to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(Object array) {
         copyTo(array, validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into a byte array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither an 8 bit integer nor a vector of 8 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells will be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d The array to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(byte[] d) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copyTo(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into a short array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 16 bit integer nor a vector of 16 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells will be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d The array to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(short[] d) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copyTo(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into a int array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is not a 32 bit integer nor a vector of 32 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells will be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d The array to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(int[] d) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copyTo(d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from the Allocation into a float array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector of
      * 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the Allocation {@link
      * #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells will be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the Allocation {@link #getBytesSize getBytesSize()}. The padding bytes for
      * the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param d The array to be set from the Allocation.
      */
     public void copyTo(float[] d) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copyTo(d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * @hide
      *
      * This is only intended to be used by auto-generated code reflected from
      * the RenderScript script files and should not be used by developers.
      *
      * @param xoff
      * @param yoff
      * @param zoff
      * @param component_number
      * @param fp
      */
     public void copyToFieldPacker(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int component_number, FieldPacker fp) {
         mRS.validate();
         if (component_number >= mType.mElement.mElements.length) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Component_number " + component_number + " out of range.");
         }
         if(xoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset x must be >= 0.");
         }
         if(yoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset y must be >= 0.");
         }
         if(zoff < 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Offset z must be >= 0.");
         }

         final byte[] data = fp.getData();
         int data_length = data.length;
         int eSize = mType.mElement.mElements[component_number].getBytesSize();
         eSize *= mType.mElement.mArraySizes[component_number];

         if (data_length != eSize) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Field packer sizelength " + data_length +
                                                " does not match component size " + eSize + ".");
         }

         mRS.nAllocationElementRead(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, zoff, mSelectedLOD,
                                    component_number, data, data_length);
     }
     /**
      * Resize a 1D allocation.  The contents of the allocation are preserved.
      * If new elements are allocated objects are created with null contents and
      * the new region is otherwise undefined.
      *
      * <p>If the new region is smaller the references of any objects outside the
      * new region will be released.</p>
      *
      * <p>A new type will be created with the new dimension.</p>
      *
      * @param dimX The new size of the allocation.
      *
      * @deprecated RenderScript objects should be immutable once created.  The
      * replacement is to create a new allocation and copy the contents. This
      * function will throw an exception if API 21 or higher is used.
      */
     public synchronized void resize(int dimX) {
         if (mRS.getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 21) {
             throw new RSRuntimeException("Resize is not allowed in API 21+.");
         }
         if ((mType.getY() > 0)|| (mType.getZ() > 0) || mType.hasFaces() || mType.hasMipmaps()) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Resize only support for 1D allocations at this time.");
         }
         mRS.nAllocationResize1D(getID(mRS), dimX);
         mRS.finish();  // Necessary because resize is fifoed and update is async.

         long typeID = mRS.nAllocationGetType(getID(mRS));
         // Sets zero the mID so that the finalizer of the old mType value won't
         // destroy the native object that is being reused.
         mType.setID(0);
         mType = new Type(typeID, mRS);
         mType.updateFromNative();
         updateCacheInfo(mType);
     }

     private void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, Object array,
                                         Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy1DRangeToUnchecked");
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * count;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 usePadding = true;
             }
             data1DChecks(off, count, arrayLen * dt.mSize, dataSize, usePadding);
             mRS.nAllocationRead1D(getIDSafe(), off, mSelectedLOD, count, array, dataSize, dt,
                                   mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param array The dest array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, Object array) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, array,
                                validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, false),
                                java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, int[] d) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, short[] d) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, byte[] d) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method does not
      * guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeToUnchecked(int off, int count, float[] d) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, (Object)d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array.  This method is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} does not match the component type
      * of the array passed in.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param array The source array.
      */
     public void copy1DRangeTo(int off, int count, Object array) {
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, array,
                                validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit integer nor a vector of 32 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeTo(int off, int count, int[] d) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 16 bit integer nor a vector of 16 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeTo(int off, int count, short[] d) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither an 8 bit integer nor a vector of 8 bit
      * integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array
      */
     public void copy1DRangeTo(int off, int count, byte[] d) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, d.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy a 1D region of this Allocation into an array. This variant is type checked
      * and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's {@link
      * android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector of
      * 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: count * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param off The offset of the first element to be copied.
      * @param count The number of elements to be copied.
      * @param d the source array.
      */
     public void copy1DRangeTo(int off, int count, float[] d) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copy1DRangeToUnchecked(off, count, d, Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, d.length);
     }


     void copy2DRangeToUnchecked(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, Object array,
                                 Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy2DRangeToUnchecked");
             mRS.validate();
             validate2DRange(xoff, yoff, w, h);
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * w * h;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             int sizeBytes = arrayLen * dt.mSize;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 if (dataSize / 4 * 3 > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
                 usePadding = true;
                 sizeBytes = dataSize;
             } else {
                 if (dataSize > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
             }
             mRS.nAllocationRead2D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, mSelectedLOD, mSelectedFace.mID, w, h,
                                   array, sizeBytes, dt, mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Copy from a rectangular region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * method is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} does not match the component type
      * of the array passed in.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param array Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy2DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, Object array) {
         copy2DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, array,
                                validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     /**
      * Copy from a rectangular region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * variant is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} is neither an 8 bit integer nor a vector
      * of 8 bit integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param data Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy2DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, byte[] data) {
         validateIsInt8();
         copy2DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                Element.DataType.SIGNED_8, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from a rectangular region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * variant is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 16 bit integer nor a vector
      * of 16 bit integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param data Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy2DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, short[] data) {
         validateIsInt16OrFloat16();
         copy2DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                Element.DataType.SIGNED_16, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from a rectangular region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * variant is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit integer nor a vector
      * of 32 bit integers {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param data Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy2DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, int[] data) {
         validateIsInt32();
         copy2DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                Element.DataType.SIGNED_32, data.length);
     }

     /**
      * Copy from a rectangular region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * variant is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} is neither a 32 bit float nor a vector
      * of 32 bit floats {@link android.renderscript.Element.DataType}.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param data Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy2DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int w, int h, float[] data) {
         validateIsFloat32();
         copy2DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, w, h, data,
                                Element.DataType.FLOAT_32, data.length);
     }


     /**
      * Copy from a 3D region in this Allocation into an array. This method does
      * not guarantee that the Allocation is compatible with the input buffer.
      * The array is assumed to be tightly packed.
      *
      * The data type of the array is not required to be the same as
      * the element data type.
      */
     private void copy3DRangeToUnchecked(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d,
                                         Object array, Element.DataType dt, int arrayLen) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "copy3DRangeToUnchecked");
             mRS.validate();
             validate3DRange(xoff, yoff, zoff, w, h, d);
             final int dataSize = mType.mElement.getBytesSize() * w * h * d;
             // AutoPadding for Vec3 Element
             boolean usePadding = false;
             int sizeBytes = arrayLen * dt.mSize;
             if (mAutoPadding && (mType.getElement().getVectorSize() == 3)) {
                 if (dataSize / 4 * 3 > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
                 usePadding = true;
                 sizeBytes = dataSize;
             } else {
                 if (dataSize > sizeBytes) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Array too small for allocation type.");
                 }
             }
             mRS.nAllocationRead3D(getIDSafe(), xoff, yoff, zoff, mSelectedLOD, w, h, d,
                                   array, sizeBytes, dt, mType.mElement.mType.mSize, usePadding);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /*
      * Copy from a 3D region in this Allocation into an array. This
      * method is type checked and will generate exceptions if the Allocation's
      * {@link android.renderscript.Element} does not match the component type
      * of the array passed in.
      *
      * <p> The size of the region is: w * h * d * {@link #getElement}.{@link
      * Element#getBytesSize}.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation does not have Vec3 Elements, then the size of the
      * array in bytes must be at least the size of the region.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is disabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must be part of the array.
      *
      * <p> If the Allocation has Vec3 Elements and {@link #setAutoPadding AutoPadding}
      * is enabled, then the size of the array in bytes must be at least 3/4 the size
      * of the region. The padding bytes for the cells must not be part of the array.
      *
      * @param xoff X offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param yoff Y offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param zoff Z offset of the region to copy in this Allocation
      * @param w Width of the region to copy
      * @param h Height of the region to copy
      * @param d Depth of the region to copy
      * @param array Dest Array to be copied into
      */
     public void copy3DRangeTo(int xoff, int yoff, int zoff, int w, int h, int d, Object array) {
         copy3DRangeToUnchecked(xoff, yoff, zoff, w, h, d, array,
                                  validateObjectIsPrimitiveArray(array, true),
                                  java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array));
     }

     // creation

     static BitmapFactory.Options mBitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
     static {
         mBitmapOptions.inScaled = false;
     }

     /**
      * Creates a new Allocation with the given {@link
      * android.renderscript.Type}, mipmap flag, and usage flags.
      *
      * @param type RenderScript type describing data layout
      * @param mips specifies desired mipmap behaviour for the
      *             allocation
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the Allocation is
      *              utilized
      */
     static public Allocation createTyped(RenderScript rs, Type type, MipmapControl mips, int usage) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "createTyped");
             rs.validate();
             if (type.getID(rs) == 0) {
                 throw new RSInvalidStateException("Bad Type");
             }
             // TODO: What if there is an exception after this? The native allocation would leak.
             long id = rs.nAllocationCreateTyped(type.getID(rs), mips.mID, usage, 0);
             if (id == 0) {
                 throw new RSRuntimeException("Allocation creation failed.");
             }
             return new Allocation(id, rs, type, false, usage, mips);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation with the size specified by the type and no mipmaps
      * generated by default
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param type renderscript type describing data layout
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the allocation is
      *              utilized
      *
      * @return allocation
      */
     static public Allocation createTyped(RenderScript rs, Type type, int usage) {
         return createTyped(rs, type, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE, usage);
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation for use by scripts with a given {@link
      * android.renderscript.Type} and no mipmaps
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the Allocation will belong.
      * @param type RenderScript Type describing data layout
      *
      * @return allocation
      */
     static public Allocation createTyped(RenderScript rs, Type type) {
         return createTyped(rs, type, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE, USAGE_SCRIPT);
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation with a specified number of given elements
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the Allocation will belong.
      * @param e Element to use in the Allocation
      * @param count the number of Elements in the Allocation
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the Allocation is
      *              utilized
      *
      * @return allocation
      */
     static public Allocation createSized(RenderScript rs, Element e,
                                          int count, int usage) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "createSized");
             rs.validate();
             Type.Builder b = new Type.Builder(rs, e);
             b.setX(count);
             Type t = b.create();

             long id = rs.nAllocationCreateTyped(t.getID(rs), MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE.mID, usage, 0);
             if (id == 0) {
                 throw new RSRuntimeException("Allocation creation failed.");
             }
             return new Allocation(id, rs, t, true, usage, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation with a specified number of given elements
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the Allocation will belong.
      * @param e Element to use in the Allocation
      * @param count the number of Elements in the Allocation
      *
      * @return allocation
      */
     static public Allocation createSized(RenderScript rs, Element e, int count) {
         return createSized(rs, e, count, USAGE_SCRIPT);
     }

     static Element elementFromBitmap(RenderScript rs, Bitmap b) {
         final Bitmap.Config bc = b.getConfig();
         if (bc == Bitmap.Config.ALPHA_8) {
             return Element.A_8(rs);
         }
         if (bc == Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444) {
             return Element.RGBA_4444(rs);
         }
         if (bc == Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888) {
             return Element.RGBA_8888(rs);
         }
         if (bc == Bitmap.Config.RGB_565) {
             return Element.RGB_565(rs);
         }
         throw new RSInvalidStateException("Bad bitmap type: " + bc);
     }

     static Type typeFromBitmap(RenderScript rs, Bitmap b,
                                        MipmapControl mip) {
         Element e = elementFromBitmap(rs, b);
         Type.Builder tb = new Type.Builder(rs, e);
         tb.setX(b.getWidth());
         tb.setY(b.getHeight());
         tb.setMipmaps(mip == MipmapControl.MIPMAP_FULL);
         return tb.create();
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation from a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param b Bitmap source for the allocation data
      * @param mips specifies desired mipmap behaviour for the
      *             allocation
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the allocation is
      *              utilized
      *
      * @return Allocation containing bitmap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createFromBitmap(RenderScript rs, Bitmap b,
                                               MipmapControl mips,
                                               int usage) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "createFromBitmap");
             rs.validate();

             // WAR undocumented color formats
             if (b.getConfig() == null) {
                 if ((usage & USAGE_SHARED) != 0) {
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("USAGE_SHARED cannot be used with a Bitmap that has a null config.");
                 }
                 Bitmap newBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b.getWidth(), b.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
                 Canvas c = new Canvas(newBitmap);
                 c.drawBitmap(b, 0, 0, null);
                 return createFromBitmap(rs, newBitmap, mips, usage);
             }

             Type t = typeFromBitmap(rs, b, mips);

             // enable optimized bitmap path only with no mipmap and script-only usage
             if (mips == MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE &&
                  t.getElement().isCompatible(Element.RGBA_8888(rs)) &&
                  usage == (USAGE_SHARED | USAGE_SCRIPT | USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE)) {
                 long id = rs.nAllocationCreateBitmapBackedAllocation(t.getID(rs), mips.mID, b, usage);
                 if (id == 0) {
                     throw new RSRuntimeException("Load failed.");
                 }

                 // keep a reference to the Bitmap around to prevent GC
                 Allocation alloc = new Allocation(id, rs, t, true, usage, mips);
                 alloc.setBitmap(b);
                 return alloc;
             }


             long id = rs.nAllocationCreateFromBitmap(t.getID(rs), mips.mID, b, usage);
             if (id == 0) {
                 throw new RSRuntimeException("Load failed.");
             }
             return new Allocation(id, rs, t, true, usage, mips);
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Gets or creates a ByteBuffer that contains the raw data of the current Allocation.
      * <p> If the Allocation is created with USAGE_IO_INPUT, the returned ByteBuffer
      * would contain the up-to-date data as READ ONLY.
      * For a 2D or 3D Allocation, the raw data maybe padded so that each row of
      * the Allocation has certain alignment. The size of each row including padding,
      * called stride, can be queried using the {@link #getStride()} method.
      *
      * Note: Operating on the ByteBuffer of a destroyed Allocation will triger errors.
      *
      * @return ByteBuffer The ByteBuffer associated with raw data pointer of the Allocation.
      */
     public ByteBuffer getByteBuffer() {
         // Create a new ByteBuffer if it is not initialized or using IO_INPUT.
         if (mType.hasFaces()) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Cubemap is not supported for getByteBuffer().");
         }
         if (mType.getYuv() == android.graphics.ImageFormat.NV21 ||
             mType.getYuv() == android.graphics.ImageFormat.YV12 ||
             mType.getYuv() == android.graphics.ImageFormat.YUV_420_888 ) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("YUV format is not supported for getByteBuffer().");
         }
         if (mByteBuffer == null || (mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) != 0) {
             int xBytesSize = mType.getX() * mType.getElement().getBytesSize();
             long[] stride = new long[1];
             mByteBuffer = mRS.nAllocationGetByteBuffer(getID(mRS), stride, xBytesSize, mType.getY(), mType.getZ());
             mByteBufferStride = stride[0];
         }
         if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) != 0) {
             return mByteBuffer.asReadOnlyBuffer();
         }
         return mByteBuffer;
     }

     /**
      * Creates a new Allocation Array with the given {@link
      * android.renderscript.Type}, and usage flags.
      * Note: If the input allocation is of usage: USAGE_IO_INPUT,
      * the created Allocation will be sharing the same BufferQueue.
      *
      * @param rs RenderScript context
      * @param t RenderScript type describing data layout
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the Allocation is
      *              utilized
      * @param numAlloc Number of Allocations in the array.
      * @return Allocation[]
      */
     public static Allocation[] createAllocations(RenderScript rs, Type t, int usage, int numAlloc) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "createAllocations");
             rs.validate();
             if (t.getID(rs) == 0) {
                 throw new RSInvalidStateException("Bad Type");
             }

             Allocation[] mAllocationArray = new Allocation[numAlloc];
             mAllocationArray[0] = createTyped(rs, t, usage);
             if ((usage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) != 0) {
                 if (numAlloc > MAX_NUMBER_IO_INPUT_ALLOC) {
                     mAllocationArray[0].destroy();
                     throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Exceeds the max number of Allocations allowed: " +
                                                          MAX_NUMBER_IO_INPUT_ALLOC);
                 }
                 mAllocationArray[0].setupBufferQueue(numAlloc);;
             }

             for (int i=1; i<numAlloc; i++) {
                 mAllocationArray[i] = createFromAllocation(rs, mAllocationArray[0]);
             }
             return mAllocationArray;
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Creates a new Allocation with the given {@link
      * android.renderscript.Allocation}. The same data layout of
      * the input Allocation will be applied.
      * <p> If the input allocation is of usage: USAGE_IO_INPUT, the created
      * Allocation will be sharing the same BufferQueue.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param alloc RenderScript Allocation describing data layout.
      * @return Allocation sharing the same data structure.
      */
     static Allocation createFromAllocation(RenderScript rs, Allocation alloc) {
         try {
             Trace.traceBegin(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG, "createFromAllcation");
             rs.validate();
             if (alloc.getID(rs) == 0) {
                 throw new RSInvalidStateException("Bad input Allocation");
             }

             Type type = alloc.getType();
             int usage = alloc.getUsage();
             MipmapControl mips = alloc.getMipmap();
             long id = rs.nAllocationCreateTyped(type.getID(rs), mips.mID, usage, 0);
             if (id == 0) {
                 throw new RSRuntimeException("Allocation creation failed.");
             }
             Allocation outAlloc = new Allocation(id, rs, type, false, usage, mips);
             if ((usage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) != 0) {
                 outAlloc.shareBufferQueue(alloc);
             }
             return outAlloc;
         } finally {
             Trace.traceEnd(RenderScript.TRACE_TAG);
         }
     }

     /**
      * Initialize BufferQueue with specified max number of buffers.
      */
     void setupBufferQueue(int numAlloc) {
         mRS.validate();
         if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) == 0) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Allocation is not USAGE_IO_INPUT.");
         }
         mRS.nAllocationSetupBufferQueue(getID(mRS), numAlloc);
     }

     /**
      * Share the BufferQueue with another {@link #USAGE_IO_INPUT} Allocation.
      *
      * @param alloc Allocation to associate with allocation
      */
     void shareBufferQueue(Allocation alloc) {
         mRS.validate();
         if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) == 0) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Allocation is not USAGE_IO_INPUT.");
         }
         mGetSurfaceSurface = alloc.getSurface();
         mRS.nAllocationShareBufferQueue(getID(mRS), alloc.getID(mRS));
     }

     /**
      * Gets the stride of the Allocation.
      * For a 2D or 3D Allocation, the raw data maybe padded so that each row of
      * the Allocation has certain alignment. The size of each row including such
      * padding is called stride.
      *
      * @return the stride. For 1D Allocation, the stride will be the number of
      *         bytes of this Allocation. For 2D and 3D Allocations, the stride
      *         will be the stride in X dimension measuring in bytes.
      */
     public long getStride() {
         if (mByteBufferStride == -1) {
             getByteBuffer();
         }
         return mByteBufferStride;
     }

     /**
      * Get the timestamp for the most recent buffer held by this Allocation.
      * The timestamp is guaranteed to be unique and monotonically increasing.
      * Default value: -1. The timestamp will be updated after each {@link
      * #ioReceive ioReceive()} call.
      *
      * It can be used to identify the images by comparing the unique timestamps
      * when used with {@link android.hardware.camera2} APIs.
      * Example steps:
      *   1. Save {@link android.hardware.camera2.TotalCaptureResult} when the
      *      capture is completed.
      *   2. Get the timestamp after {@link #ioReceive ioReceive()} call.
      *   3. Comparing totalCaptureResult.get(CaptureResult.SENSOR_TIMESTAMP) with
      *      alloc.getTimeStamp().
      * @return long Timestamp associated with the buffer held by the Allocation.
      */
     public long getTimeStamp() {
         return mTimeStamp;
     }

     /**
      * Returns the handle to a raw buffer that is being managed by the screen
      * compositor. This operation is only valid for Allocations with {@link
      * #USAGE_IO_INPUT}.
      *
      * @return Surface object associated with allocation
      *
      */
     public Surface getSurface() {
         if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_INPUT) == 0) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Allocation is not a surface texture.");
         }

         if (mGetSurfaceSurface == null) {
             mGetSurfaceSurface = mRS.nAllocationGetSurface(getID(mRS));
         }

         return mGetSurfaceSurface;
     }

     /**
      * Associate a {@link android.view.Surface} with this Allocation. This
      * operation is only valid for Allocations with {@link #USAGE_IO_OUTPUT}.
      *
      * @param sur Surface to associate with allocation
      */
     public void setSurface(Surface sur) {
         mRS.validate();
         if ((mUsage & USAGE_IO_OUTPUT) == 0) {
             throw new RSInvalidStateException("Allocation is not USAGE_IO_OUTPUT.");
         }

         mRS.nAllocationSetSurface(getID(mRS), sur);
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation from a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}.
      *
      * <p>With target API version 18 or greater, this Allocation will be created
      * with {@link #USAGE_SHARED}, {@link #USAGE_SCRIPT}, and {@link
      * #USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE}. With target API version 17 or lower, this
      * Allocation will be created with {@link #USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE}.</p>
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param b bitmap source for the allocation data
      *
      * @return Allocation containing bitmap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createFromBitmap(RenderScript rs, Bitmap b) {
         if (rs.getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 18) {
             return createFromBitmap(rs, b, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                     USAGE_SHARED | USAGE_SCRIPT | USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
         }
         return createFromBitmap(rs, b, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                 USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
     }

     /**
      * Creates a cubemap Allocation from a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}
      * containing the horizontal list of cube faces. Each face must be a square,
      * have the same size as all other faces, and have a width that is a power
      * of 2.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param b Bitmap with cubemap faces layed out in the following
      *          format: right, left, top, bottom, front, back
      * @param mips specifies desired mipmap behaviour for the cubemap
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the cubemap is utilized
      *
      * @return allocation containing cubemap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createCubemapFromBitmap(RenderScript rs, Bitmap b,
                                                      MipmapControl mips,
                                                      int usage) {
         rs.validate();

         int height = b.getHeight();
         int width = b.getWidth();

         if (width % 6 != 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Cubemap height must be multiple of 6");
         }
         if (width / 6 != height) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Only square cube map faces supported");
         }
         boolean isPow2 = (height & (height - 1)) == 0;
         if (!isPow2) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Only power of 2 cube faces supported");
         }

         Element e = elementFromBitmap(rs, b);
         Type.Builder tb = new Type.Builder(rs, e);
         tb.setX(height);
         tb.setY(height);
         tb.setFaces(true);
         tb.setMipmaps(mips == MipmapControl.MIPMAP_FULL);
         Type t = tb.create();

         long id = rs.nAllocationCubeCreateFromBitmap(t.getID(rs), mips.mID, b, usage);
         if(id == 0) {
             throw new RSRuntimeException("Load failed for bitmap " + b + " element " + e);
         }
         return new Allocation(id, rs, t, true, usage, mips);
     }

     /**
      * Creates a non-mipmapped cubemap Allocation for use as a graphics texture
      * from a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} containing the horizontal list of
      * cube faces. Each face must be a square, have the same size as all other
      * faces, and have a width that is a power of 2.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param b bitmap with cubemap faces layed out in the following
      *          format: right, left, top, bottom, front, back
      *
      * @return allocation containing cubemap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createCubemapFromBitmap(RenderScript rs,
                                                      Bitmap b) {
         return createCubemapFromBitmap(rs, b, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                        USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
     }

     /**
      * Creates a cubemap Allocation from 6 {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}
      * objects containing the cube faces. Each face must be a square, have the
      * same size as all other faces, and have a width that is a power of 2.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param xpos cubemap face in the positive x direction
      * @param xneg cubemap face in the negative x direction
      * @param ypos cubemap face in the positive y direction
      * @param yneg cubemap face in the negative y direction
      * @param zpos cubemap face in the positive z direction
      * @param zneg cubemap face in the negative z direction
      * @param mips specifies desired mipmap behaviour for the cubemap
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the cubemap is utilized
      *
      * @return allocation containing cubemap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createCubemapFromCubeFaces(RenderScript rs,
                                                         Bitmap xpos,
                                                         Bitmap xneg,
                                                         Bitmap ypos,
                                                         Bitmap yneg,
                                                         Bitmap zpos,
                                                         Bitmap zneg,
                                                         MipmapControl mips,
                                                         int usage) {
         int height = xpos.getHeight();
         if (xpos.getWidth() != height ||
             xneg.getWidth() != height || xneg.getHeight() != height ||
             ypos.getWidth() != height || ypos.getHeight() != height ||
             yneg.getWidth() != height || yneg.getHeight() != height ||
             zpos.getWidth() != height || zpos.getHeight() != height ||
             zneg.getWidth() != height || zneg.getHeight() != height) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Only square cube map faces supported");
         }
         boolean isPow2 = (height & (height - 1)) == 0;
         if (!isPow2) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Only power of 2 cube faces supported");
         }

         Element e = elementFromBitmap(rs, xpos);
         Type.Builder tb = new Type.Builder(rs, e);
         tb.setX(height);
         tb.setY(height);
         tb.setFaces(true);
         tb.setMipmaps(mips == MipmapControl.MIPMAP_FULL);
         Type t = tb.create();
         Allocation cubemap = Allocation.createTyped(rs, t, mips, usage);

         AllocationAdapter adapter = AllocationAdapter.create2D(rs, cubemap);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.POSITIVE_X);
         adapter.copyFrom(xpos);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.NEGATIVE_X);
         adapter.copyFrom(xneg);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.POSITIVE_Y);
         adapter.copyFrom(ypos);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.NEGATIVE_Y);
         adapter.copyFrom(yneg);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.POSITIVE_Z);
         adapter.copyFrom(zpos);
         adapter.setFace(Type.CubemapFace.NEGATIVE_Z);
         adapter.copyFrom(zneg);

         return cubemap;
     }

     /**
      * Creates a non-mipmapped cubemap Allocation for use as a sampler input
      * from 6 {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} objects containing the cube
      * faces. Each face must be a square, have the same size as all other faces,
      * and have a width that is a power of 2.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param xpos cubemap face in the positive x direction
      * @param xneg cubemap face in the negative x direction
      * @param ypos cubemap face in the positive y direction
      * @param yneg cubemap face in the negative y direction
      * @param zpos cubemap face in the positive z direction
      * @param zneg cubemap face in the negative z direction
      *
      * @return allocation containing cubemap data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createCubemapFromCubeFaces(RenderScript rs,
                                                         Bitmap xpos,
                                                         Bitmap xneg,
                                                         Bitmap ypos,
                                                         Bitmap yneg,
                                                         Bitmap zpos,
                                                         Bitmap zneg) {
         return createCubemapFromCubeFaces(rs, xpos, xneg, ypos, yneg,
                                           zpos, zneg, MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                           USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation from the Bitmap referenced
      * by resource ID.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param res application resources
      * @param id resource id to load the data from
      * @param mips specifies desired mipmap behaviour for the
      *             allocation
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the allocation is
      *              utilized
      *
      * @return Allocation containing resource data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createFromBitmapResource(RenderScript rs,
                                                       Resources res,
                                                       int id,
                                                       MipmapControl mips,
                                                       int usage) {

         rs.validate();
         if ((usage & (USAGE_SHARED | USAGE_IO_INPUT | USAGE_IO_OUTPUT)) != 0) {
             throw new RSIllegalArgumentException("Unsupported usage specified.");
         }
         Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, id);
         Allocation alloc = createFromBitmap(rs, b, mips, usage);
         b.recycle();
         return alloc;
     }

     /**
      * Creates a non-mipmapped Allocation to use as a graphics texture from the
      * {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} referenced by resource ID.
      *
      * <p>With target API version 18 or greater, this allocation will be created
      * with {@link #USAGE_SCRIPT} and {@link #USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE}. With
      * target API version 17 or lower, this allocation will be created with
      * {@link #USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE}.</p>
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param res application resources
      * @param id resource id to load the data from
      *
      * @return Allocation containing resource data
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createFromBitmapResource(RenderScript rs,
                                                       Resources res,
                                                       int id) {
         if (rs.getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 18) {
             return createFromBitmapResource(rs, res, id,
                                             MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                             USAGE_SCRIPT | USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
         }
         return createFromBitmapResource(rs, res, id,
                                         MipmapControl.MIPMAP_NONE,
                                         USAGE_GRAPHICS_TEXTURE);
     }

     /**
      * Creates an Allocation containing string data encoded in UTF-8 format.
      *
      * @param rs Context to which the allocation will belong.
      * @param str string to create the allocation from
      * @param usage bit field specifying how the allocaiton is
      *              utilized
      *
      */
     static public Allocation createFromString(RenderScript rs,
                                               String str,
                                               int usage) {
         rs.validate();
         byte[] allocArray = null;
         try {
             allocArray = str.getBytes("UTF-8");
             Allocation alloc = Allocation.createSized(rs, Element.U8(rs), allocArray.length, usage);
             alloc.copyFrom(allocArray);
             return alloc;
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RSRuntimeException("Could not convert string to utf-8.");
         }
     }

     /**
      * Interface to handle notification when new buffers are available via
      * {@link #USAGE_IO_INPUT}. An application will receive one notification
      * when a buffer is available. Additional buffers will not trigger new
      * notifications until a buffer is processed.
      */
     public interface OnBufferAvailableListener {
         public void onBufferAvailable(Allocation a);
     }

     /**
      * Set a notification handler for {@link #USAGE_IO_INPUT}.
      *
      * @param callback instance of the OnBufferAvailableListener
      *                 class to be called when buffer arrive.
      */
     public void setOnBufferAvailableListener(OnBufferAvailableListener callback) {
         synchronized(mAllocationMap) {
             mAllocationMap.put(new Long(getID(mRS)), this);
             mBufferNotifier = callback;
         }
     }

     static void sendBufferNotification(long id) {
         synchronized(mAllocationMap) {
             Allocation a = mAllocationMap.get(new Long(id));

             if ((a != null) && (a.mBufferNotifier != null)) {
                 a.mBufferNotifier.onBufferAvailable(a);
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * For USAGE_IO_OUTPUT, destroy() implies setSurface(null).
      *
      */
     @Override
     public void destroy() {
         if((mUsage & USAGE_IO_OUTPUT) != 0) {
             setSurface(null);
         }

         if (mType != null && mOwningType) {
             mType.destroy();
         }

         super.destroy();
     }

 }