src/dex2oat.cc - LeafOS-Project/android_art - Gitiles

 // Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>

 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

 #include "class_linker.h"
 #include "class_loader.h"
 #include "compiler.h"
 #include "file.h"
 #include "image_writer.h"
 #include "leb128.h"
 #include "oat_writer.h"
 #include "object_utils.h"
 #include "os.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
 #include "stringpiece.h"

 namespace art {

 static void usage() {
   fprintf(stderr,
           "Usage: dex2oat [options]...\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --dex-file=<dex-file>: specifies a .dex file to compile. At least one .dex\n"
           "      file must be specified. \n"
           "      Example: --dex-file=/system/framework/core.jar\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --oat=<file.oat>: specifies the required oat filename.\n"
           "      Example: --oat=/system/framework/boot.oat\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --image=<file.art>: specifies the output image filename.\n"
           "      Example: --image=/system/framework/boot.art\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --image-classes=<classname-file>: specifies classes to include in an image.\n"
           "      Example: --image=frameworks/base/preloaded-classes\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --base=<hex-address>: specifies the base address when creating a boot image.\n"
           "      Example: --base=0x50000000\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --boot-image=<file.art>: provide the image file for the boot class path.\n"
           "      Example: --boot-image=/system/framework/boot.art\n"
           "      Default: <host-prefix>/system/framework/boot.art\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --host-prefix may be used to translate host paths to target paths during\n"
           "      cross compilation.\n"
           "      Example: --host-prefix=out/target/product/crespo\n"
           "      Default: $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT\n"
           "\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "  --runtime-arg <argument>: used to specify various arguments for the runtime,\n"
           "      such as initial heap size, maximum heap size, and verbose output.\n"
           "      Use a separate --runtime-arg switch for each argument.\n"
           "      Example: --runtime-arg -Xms256m\n"
           "\n");
   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }

 class Dex2Oat {
  public:

   static Dex2Oat* Create(Runtime::Options& options) {
     UniquePtr<Runtime> runtime(CreateRuntime(options));
     if (runtime.get() == NULL) {
       return NULL;
     }
     return new Dex2Oat(runtime.release());
   }

   ~Dex2Oat() {
     delete runtime_;
   }

   // Make a list of descriptors for classes to include in the image
   const std::set<std::string>* GetImageClassDescriptors(const char* image_classes_filename) {
     UniquePtr<std::ifstream> image_classes_file(new std::ifstream(image_classes_filename, std::ifstream::in));
     if (image_classes_file.get() == NULL) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open image classes file " << image_classes_filename;
       return NULL;
     }

     // Load all the classes specified in the file
     ClassLinker* class_linker = runtime_->GetClassLinker();
     while (image_classes_file->good()) {
       std::string dot;
       std::getline(*image_classes_file.get(), dot);
       if (StringPiece(dot).starts_with("#") || dot.empty()) {
         continue;
       }
       std::string descriptor(DotToDescriptor(dot.c_str()));
       SirtRef<Class> klass(class_linker->FindSystemClass(descriptor.c_str()));
       if (klass.get() == NULL) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to find class " << descriptor;
         Thread::Current()->ClearException();
       }
     }
     image_classes_file->close();

     // Resolve exception classes referenced by the loaded classes. The catch logic assumes
     // exceptions are resolved by the verifier when there is a catch block in an interested method.
     // Do this here so that exception classes appear to have been specified image classes.
     std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> > unresolved_exception_types;
     do {
       unresolved_exception_types.clear();
       class_linker->VisitClasses(ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor,
                                  &unresolved_exception_types);
       typedef std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >::const_iterator It;  // TODO: C++0x auto
       for (It it = unresolved_exception_types.begin(),
            end = unresolved_exception_types.end();
            it != end; ++it) {
         uint16_t exception_type_idx = it->first;
         const DexFile* dex_file = it->second;
         DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file);
         ClassLoader* class_loader = NULL;
         SirtRef<Class> klass(class_linker->ResolveType(*dex_file, exception_type_idx, dex_cache,
                                                        class_loader));
         if (klass.get() == NULL) {
           const DexFile::TypeId& type_id = dex_file->GetTypeId(exception_type_idx);
           const char* descriptor = dex_file->GetTypeDescriptor(type_id);
           LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to resolve class " << descriptor;
         }
         DCHECK(klass->IsThrowableClass());
       }
       // Resolving exceptions may load classes that reference more exceptions, iterate until no
       // more are found
     } while (!unresolved_exception_types.empty());

     // We walk the roots looking for classes so that we'll pick up the
     // above classes plus any classes them depend on such super
     // classes, interfaces, and the required ClassLinker roots.
     UniquePtr<std::set<std::string> > image_classes(new std::set<std::string>());
     class_linker->VisitClasses(RecordImageClassesVisitor, image_classes.get());
     CHECK_NE(image_classes->size(), 0U);
     return image_classes.release();
   }

   bool CreateOatFile(const std::string& boot_image_option,
                      const std::vector<const char*>& dex_filenames,
                      const std::string& host_prefix,
                      File* oat_file,
                      bool image,
                      const std::set<std::string>* image_classes) {
     // SirtRef and ClassLoader creation needs to come after Runtime::Create
     UniquePtr<SirtRef<ClassLoader> > class_loader(new SirtRef<ClassLoader>(NULL));
     if (class_loader.get() == NULL) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create SirtRef for class loader";
       return false;
     }

     std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;
     if (!boot_image_option.empty()) {
       ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
       DexFile::OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_files, host_prefix);
       std::vector<const DexFile*> class_path_files(dex_files);
       OpenClassPathFiles(runtime_->GetClassPath(), class_path_files);
       for (size_t i = 0; i < class_path_files.size(); i++) {
         class_linker->RegisterDexFile(*class_path_files[i]);
       }
       class_loader.get()->reset(PathClassLoader::AllocCompileTime(class_path_files));
     } else {
       dex_files = runtime_->GetClassLinker()->GetBootClassPath();
     }

     Compiler compiler(instruction_set_, image, image_classes);
     compiler.CompileAll(class_loader->get(), dex_files);

     if (!OatWriter::Create(oat_file, class_loader->get(), compiler)) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file " << oat_file->name();
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }

   bool CreateImageFile(const char* image_filename,
                        uintptr_t image_base,
                        const std::set<std::string>* image_classes,
                        const std::string& oat_filename,
                        const std::string& host_prefix) {
     // If we have an existing boot image, position new space after its oat file
     if (Heap::GetSpaces().size() > 1) {
       Space* last_image_space = Heap::GetSpaces()[Heap::GetSpaces().size()-2];
       CHECK(last_image_space != NULL);
       CHECK(last_image_space->IsImageSpace());
       CHECK(!Heap::GetSpaces()[Heap::GetSpaces().size()-1]->IsImageSpace());
       byte* oat_limit_addr = last_image_space->GetImageHeader().GetOatLimitAddr();
       image_base = RoundUp(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(oat_limit_addr), kPageSize);
     }

     ImageWriter image_writer(image_classes);
     if (!image_writer.Write(image_filename, image_base, oat_filename, host_prefix)) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create image file " << image_filename;
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }

  private:

   Dex2Oat(Runtime* runtime) : runtime_(runtime) {}

   static Runtime* CreateRuntime(Runtime::Options& options) {
     Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Create(options, false);
     if (runtime == NULL) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create runtime";
       return NULL;
     }

     // if we loaded an existing image, we will reuse values from the image roots.
     if (!runtime->HasJniDlsymLookupStub()) {
       runtime->SetJniDlsymLookupStub(Compiler::CreateJniDlysmLookupStub(instruction_set_));
     }
     if (!runtime->HasAbstractMethodErrorStubArray()) {
       runtime->SetAbstractMethodErrorStubArray(Compiler::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub(instruction_set_));
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastTrampolineMethodType; i++) {
       Runtime::TrampolineType type = Runtime::TrampolineType(i);
       if (!runtime->HasResolutionStubArray(type)) {
         runtime->SetResolutionStubArray(Compiler::CreateResolutionStub(instruction_set_, type), type);
       }
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
       Runtime::CalleeSaveType type = Runtime::CalleeSaveType(i);
       if (!runtime->HasCalleeSaveMethod(type)) {
         runtime->SetCalleeSaveMethod(runtime->CreateCalleeSaveMethod(instruction_set_, type), type);
       }
     }
     return runtime;
   }

   static void ResolveExceptionsForMethod(MethodHelper* mh,
                            std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >& exceptions_to_resolve) {
     const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = mh->GetCodeItem();
     if (code_item == NULL) {
       return;  // native or abstract method
     }
     if (code_item->tries_size_ == 0) {
       return;  // nothing to process
     }
     const byte* encoded_catch_handler_list = DexFile::GetCatchHandlerData(*code_item, 0);
     size_t num_encoded_catch_handlers = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_encoded_catch_handlers; i++) {
       int32_t encoded_catch_handler_size = DecodeSignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
       bool has_catch_all = false;
       if (encoded_catch_handler_size <= 0) {
         encoded_catch_handler_size = -encoded_catch_handler_size;
         has_catch_all = true;
       }
       for (int32_t j = 0; j < encoded_catch_handler_size; j++) {
         uint16_t encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx =
             DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
         // Add to set of types to resolve if not already in the dex cache resolved types
         if (!mh->IsResolvedTypeIdx(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx)) {
           exceptions_to_resolve.insert(
               std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*>(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx,
                                                   &mh->GetDexFile()));
         }
         // ignore address associated with catch handler
         DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
       }
       if (has_catch_all) {
         // ignore catch all address
         DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
       }
     }
   }
   static bool ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor(Class* c, void* arg) {
     std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >* exceptions_to_resolve =
         reinterpret_cast<std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >*>(arg);
     MethodHelper mh;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumVirtualMethods(); ++i) {
       Method* m = c->GetVirtualMethod(i);
       mh.ChangeMethod(m);
       ResolveExceptionsForMethod(&mh, *exceptions_to_resolve);
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumDirectMethods(); ++i) {
       Method* m = c->GetDirectMethod(i);
       mh.ChangeMethod(m);
       ResolveExceptionsForMethod(&mh, *exceptions_to_resolve);
     }
     return true;
   }
   static bool RecordImageClassesVisitor(Class* klass, void* arg) {
     std::set<std::string>* image_classes = reinterpret_cast<std::set<std::string>*>(arg);
     if (klass->IsArrayClass() || klass->IsPrimitive()) {
       return true;
     }
     image_classes->insert(ClassHelper(klass).GetDescriptor());
     return true;
   }

   // Appends to dex_files any elements of class_path that it doesn't already
   // contain. This will open those dex files as necessary.
   static void OpenClassPathFiles(const std::string& class_path, std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {
     std::vector<std::string> parsed;
     Split(class_path, ':', parsed);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < parsed.size(); ++i) {
       if (DexFilesContains(dex_files, parsed[i])) {
         continue;
       }
       const DexFile* dex_file = DexFile::Open(parsed[i], Runtime::Current()->GetHostPrefix());
       if (dex_file == NULL) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open dex file " << parsed[i];
       } else {
         dex_files.push_back(dex_file);
       }
     }
   }

   // Returns true if dex_files has a dex with the named location.
   static bool DexFilesContains(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files, const std::string& location) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_files.size(); ++i) {
       if (dex_files[i]->GetLocation() == location) {
         return true;
       }
     }
     return false;
   }

   Runtime* runtime_;
   static const InstructionSet instruction_set_ = kThumb2;

   DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Dex2Oat);
 };

 int dex2oat(int argc, char** argv) {
   // Skip over argv[0].
   argv++;
   argc--;

   if (argc == 0) {
     fprintf(stderr, "no arguments specified\n");
     usage();
   }

   std::vector<const char*> dex_filenames;
   std::string oat_filename;
   const char* image_filename = NULL;
   const char* image_classes_filename = NULL;
   std::string boot_image_filename;
   uintptr_t image_base = 0;
   std::string host_prefix;
   std::vector<const char*> runtime_args;

   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
     const StringPiece option(argv[i]);
     if (false) {
       LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: option[" << i << "]=" << argv[i];
     }
     if (option.starts_with("--dex-file=")) {
       dex_filenames.push_back(option.substr(strlen("--dex-file=")).data());
     } else if (option.starts_with("--oat=")) {
       oat_filename = option.substr(strlen("--oat=")).data();
     } else if (option.starts_with("--image=")) {
       image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image=")).data();
     } else if (option.starts_with("--image-classes=")) {
       image_classes_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image-classes=")).data();
     } else if (option.starts_with("--base=")) {
       const char* image_base_str = option.substr(strlen("--base=")).data();
       char* end;
       image_base = strtoul(image_base_str, &end, 16);
       if (end == image_base_str || *end != '\0') {
         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse hexadecimal value for option %s\n", option.data());
         usage();
       }
     } else if (option.starts_with("--boot-image=")) {
       boot_image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--boot-image=")).data();
     } else if (option.starts_with("--host-prefix=")) {
       host_prefix = option.substr(strlen("--host-prefix=")).data();
     } else if (option == "--runtime-arg") {
       if (++i >= argc) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Missing required argument for --runtime-arg\n");
         usage();
       }
       runtime_args.push_back(argv[i]);
     } else {
       fprintf(stderr, "unknown argument %s\n", option.data());
       usage();
     }
   }

   if (oat_filename.empty()) {
     fprintf(stderr, "--oat file name not specified\n");
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }

   if (host_prefix.empty()) {
     const char* android_product_out = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
     if (android_product_out != NULL) {
         host_prefix = android_product_out;
     }
   }

   bool image = (image_filename != NULL);
   if (!image && boot_image_filename.empty()) {
     boot_image_filename += host_prefix;
     boot_image_filename += "/data/art-cache/boot.art";
   }
   std::string boot_image_option;
   if (boot_image_filename != NULL) {
     boot_image_option += "-Ximage:";
     boot_image_option += boot_image_filename;
   }

   if (image_classes_filename != NULL && !image) {
     fprintf(stderr, "--image-classes should only be used with --image\n");
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }

   if (image_classes_filename != NULL && !boot_image_option.empty()) {
     fprintf(stderr, "--image-classes should not be used with --boot-image\n");
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }

   if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
     if (image_base == 0) {
       fprintf(stderr, "non-zero --base not specified\n");
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
   }

   // Check early that the result of compilation can be written
   UniquePtr<File> oat_file(OS::OpenFile(oat_filename.c_str(), true));
   if (oat_file.get() == NULL) {
     PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create oat file " << oat_filename;
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
   LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: " << oat_filename;

   Runtime::Options options;
   options.push_back(std::make_pair("compiler", reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
   std::string boot_class_path_string;
   if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
     boot_class_path_string += "-Xbootclasspath:";
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_filenames.size()-1; i++) {
       boot_class_path_string += dex_filenames[i];
       boot_class_path_string += ":";
     }
     boot_class_path_string += dex_filenames[dex_filenames.size()-1];
     options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_class_path_string.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
   } else {
     options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_image_option.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
   }
   if (!host_prefix.empty()) {
     options.push_back(std::make_pair("host-prefix", host_prefix.c_str()));
   }
   for (size_t i = 0; i < runtime_args.size(); i++) {
     options.push_back(std::make_pair(runtime_args[i], reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
   }

   UniquePtr<Dex2Oat> dex2oat(Dex2Oat::Create(options));

   // If --image-classes was specified, calculate the full list classes to include in the image
   UniquePtr<const std::set<std::string> > image_classes(NULL);
   if (image_classes_filename != NULL) {
     image_classes.reset(dex2oat->GetImageClassDescriptors(image_classes_filename));
     if (image_classes.get() == NULL) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create list of image classes from " << image_classes_filename;
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
   }

   if (!dex2oat->CreateOatFile(boot_image_option,
                               dex_filenames,
                               host_prefix,
                               oat_file.get(),
                               image,
                               image_classes.get())) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file" << oat_filename;
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }

   if (!image) {
     LOG(INFO) << "Oat file written successfully " << oat_filename;
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   }

   if (!dex2oat->CreateImageFile(image_filename,
                                 image_base,
                                 image_classes.get(),
                                 oat_filename,
                                 host_prefix)) {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }

   // We wrote the oat file successfully, and want to keep it.
   LOG(INFO) << "Oat file written successfully " << oat_filename;
   LOG(INFO) << "Image written successfully " << image_filename;
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

 } // namespace art

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   return art::dex2oat(argc, argv);
 }
	// Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>

	#include <iostream>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	#include "class_linker.h"
	#include "class_loader.h"
	#include "compiler.h"
	#include "file.h"
	#include "image_writer.h"
	#include "leb128.h"
	#include "oat_writer.h"
	#include "object_utils.h"
	#include "os.h"
	#include "runtime.h"
	#include "stringpiece.h"

	namespace art {

	static void usage() {
	fprintf(stderr,
	"Usage: dex2oat [options]...\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --dex-file=<dex-file>: specifies a .dex file to compile. At least one .dex\n"
	" file must be specified. \n"
	" Example: --dex-file=/system/framework/core.jar\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --oat=<file.oat>: specifies the required oat filename.\n"
	" Example: --oat=/system/framework/boot.oat\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --image=<file.art>: specifies the output image filename.\n"
	" Example: --image=/system/framework/boot.art\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --image-classes=<classname-file>: specifies classes to include in an image.\n"
	" Example: --image=frameworks/base/preloaded-classes\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --base=<hex-address>: specifies the base address when creating a boot image.\n"
	" Example: --base=0x50000000\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --boot-image=<file.art>: provide the image file for the boot class path.\n"
	" Example: --boot-image=/system/framework/boot.art\n"
	" Default: <host-prefix>/system/framework/boot.art\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --host-prefix may be used to translate host paths to target paths during\n"
	" cross compilation.\n"
	" Example: --host-prefix=out/target/product/crespo\n"
	" Default: $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT\n"
	"\n");
	fprintf(stderr,
	" --runtime-arg <argument>: used to specify various arguments for the runtime,\n"
	" such as initial heap size, maximum heap size, and verbose output.\n"
	" Use a separate --runtime-arg switch for each argument.\n"
	" Example: --runtime-arg -Xms256m\n"
	"\n");
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	class Dex2Oat {
	public:

	static Dex2Oat* Create(Runtime::Options& options) {
	UniquePtr<Runtime> runtime(CreateRuntime(options));
	if (runtime.get() == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	}
	return new Dex2Oat(runtime.release());
	}

	~Dex2Oat() {
	delete runtime_;
	}

	// Make a list of descriptors for classes to include in the image
	const std::set<std::string>* GetImageClassDescriptors(const char* image_classes_filename) {
	UniquePtr<std::ifstream> image_classes_file(new std::ifstream(image_classes_filename, std::ifstream::in));
	if (image_classes_file.get() == NULL) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open image classes file " << image_classes_filename;
	return NULL;
	}

	// Load all the classes specified in the file
	ClassLinker* class_linker = runtime_->GetClassLinker();
	while (image_classes_file->good()) {
	std::string dot;
	std::getline(*image_classes_file.get(), dot);
	if (StringPiece(dot).starts_with("#") \|\| dot.empty()) {
	continue;
	}
	std::string descriptor(DotToDescriptor(dot.c_str()));
	SirtRef<Class> klass(class_linker->FindSystemClass(descriptor.c_str()));
	if (klass.get() == NULL) {
	LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to find class " << descriptor;
	Thread::Current()->ClearException();
	}
	}
	image_classes_file->close();

	// Resolve exception classes referenced by the loaded classes. The catch logic assumes
	// exceptions are resolved by the verifier when there is a catch block in an interested method.
	// Do this here so that exception classes appear to have been specified image classes.
	std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> > unresolved_exception_types;
	do {
	unresolved_exception_types.clear();
	class_linker->VisitClasses(ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor,
	&unresolved_exception_types);
	typedef std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >::const_iterator It; // TODO: C++0x auto
	for (It it = unresolved_exception_types.begin(),
	end = unresolved_exception_types.end();
	it != end; ++it) {
	uint16_t exception_type_idx = it->first;
	const DexFile* dex_file = it->second;
	DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker->FindDexCache(*dex_file);
	ClassLoader* class_loader = NULL;
	SirtRef<Class> klass(class_linker->ResolveType(*dex_file, exception_type_idx, dex_cache,
	class_loader));
	if (klass.get() == NULL) {
	const DexFile::TypeId& type_id = dex_file->GetTypeId(exception_type_idx);
	const char* descriptor = dex_file->GetTypeDescriptor(type_id);
	LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to resolve class " << descriptor;
	}
	DCHECK(klass->IsThrowableClass());
	}
	// Resolving exceptions may load classes that reference more exceptions, iterate until no
	// more are found
	} while (!unresolved_exception_types.empty());

	// We walk the roots looking for classes so that we'll pick up the
	// above classes plus any classes them depend on such super
	// classes, interfaces, and the required ClassLinker roots.
	UniquePtr<std::set<std::string> > image_classes(new std::set<std::string>());
	class_linker->VisitClasses(RecordImageClassesVisitor, image_classes.get());
	CHECK_NE(image_classes->size(), 0U);
	return image_classes.release();
	}

	bool CreateOatFile(const std::string& boot_image_option,
	const std::vector<const char*>& dex_filenames,
	const std::string& host_prefix,
	File* oat_file,
	bool image,
	const std::set<std::string>* image_classes) {
	// SirtRef and ClassLoader creation needs to come after Runtime::Create
	UniquePtr<SirtRef<ClassLoader> > class_loader(new SirtRef<ClassLoader>(NULL));
	if (class_loader.get() == NULL) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create SirtRef for class loader";
	return false;
	}

	std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;
	if (!boot_image_option.empty()) {
	ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
	DexFile::OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_files, host_prefix);
	std::vector<const DexFile*> class_path_files(dex_files);
	OpenClassPathFiles(runtime_->GetClassPath(), class_path_files);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < class_path_files.size(); i++) {
	class_linker->RegisterDexFile(*class_path_files[i]);
	}
	class_loader.get()->reset(PathClassLoader::AllocCompileTime(class_path_files));
	} else {
	dex_files = runtime_->GetClassLinker()->GetBootClassPath();
	}

	Compiler compiler(instruction_set_, image, image_classes);
	compiler.CompileAll(class_loader->get(), dex_files);

	if (!OatWriter::Create(oat_file, class_loader->get(), compiler)) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file " << oat_file->name();
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool CreateImageFile(const char* image_filename,
	uintptr_t image_base,
	const std::set<std::string>* image_classes,
	const std::string& oat_filename,
	const std::string& host_prefix) {
	// If we have an existing boot image, position new space after its oat file
	if (Heap::GetSpaces().size() > 1) {
	Space* last_image_space = Heap::GetSpaces()[Heap::GetSpaces().size()-2];
	CHECK(last_image_space != NULL);
	CHECK(last_image_space->IsImageSpace());
	CHECK(!Heap::GetSpaces()[Heap::GetSpaces().size()-1]->IsImageSpace());
	byte* oat_limit_addr = last_image_space->GetImageHeader().GetOatLimitAddr();
	image_base = RoundUp(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(oat_limit_addr), kPageSize);
	}

	ImageWriter image_writer(image_classes);
	if (!image_writer.Write(image_filename, image_base, oat_filename, host_prefix)) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create image file " << image_filename;
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	private:

	Dex2Oat(Runtime* runtime) : runtime_(runtime) {}

	static Runtime* CreateRuntime(Runtime::Options& options) {
	Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Create(options, false);
	if (runtime == NULL) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create runtime";
	return NULL;
	}

	// if we loaded an existing image, we will reuse values from the image roots.
	if (!runtime->HasJniDlsymLookupStub()) {
	runtime->SetJniDlsymLookupStub(Compiler::CreateJniDlysmLookupStub(instruction_set_));
	}
	if (!runtime->HasAbstractMethodErrorStubArray()) {
	runtime->SetAbstractMethodErrorStubArray(Compiler::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub(instruction_set_));
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastTrampolineMethodType; i++) {
	Runtime::TrampolineType type = Runtime::TrampolineType(i);
	if (!runtime->HasResolutionStubArray(type)) {
	runtime->SetResolutionStubArray(Compiler::CreateResolutionStub(instruction_set_, type), type);
	}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
	Runtime::CalleeSaveType type = Runtime::CalleeSaveType(i);
	if (!runtime->HasCalleeSaveMethod(type)) {
	runtime->SetCalleeSaveMethod(runtime->CreateCalleeSaveMethod(instruction_set_, type), type);
	}
	}
	return runtime;
	}

	static void ResolveExceptionsForMethod(MethodHelper* mh,
	std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*> >& exceptions_to_resolve) {
	const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = mh->GetCodeItem();
	if (code_item == NULL) {
	return; // native or abstract method
	}
	if (code_item->tries_size_ == 0) {
	return; // nothing to process
	}
	const byte* encoded_catch_handler_list = DexFile::GetCatchHandlerData(*code_item, 0);
	size_t num_encoded_catch_handlers = DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_encoded_catch_handlers; i++) {
	int32_t encoded_catch_handler_size = DecodeSignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
	bool has_catch_all = false;
	if (encoded_catch_handler_size <= 0) {
	encoded_catch_handler_size = -encoded_catch_handler_size;
	has_catch_all = true;
	}
	for (int32_t j = 0; j < encoded_catch_handler_size; j++) {
	uint16_t encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx =
	DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
	// Add to set of types to resolve if not already in the dex cache resolved types
	if (!mh->IsResolvedTypeIdx(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx)) {
	exceptions_to_resolve.insert(
	std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile*>(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx,
	&mh->GetDexFile()));
	}
	// ignore address associated with catch handler
	DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
	}
	if (has_catch_all) {
	// ignore catch all address
	DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
	}
	}
	}
	static bool ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor(Class* c, void* arg) {
	std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile> > exceptions_to_resolve =
	reinterpret_cast<std::set<std::pair<uint16_t, const DexFile> >>(arg);
	MethodHelper mh;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumVirtualMethods(); ++i) {
	Method* m = c->GetVirtualMethod(i);
	mh.ChangeMethod(m);
	ResolveExceptionsForMethod(&mh, *exceptions_to_resolve);
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumDirectMethods(); ++i) {
	Method* m = c->GetDirectMethod(i);
	mh.ChangeMethod(m);
	ResolveExceptionsForMethod(&mh, *exceptions_to_resolve);
	}
	return true;
	}
	static bool RecordImageClassesVisitor(Class* klass, void* arg) {
	std::set<std::string>* image_classes = reinterpret_cast<std::set<std::string>*>(arg);
	if (klass->IsArrayClass() \|\| klass->IsPrimitive()) {
	return true;
	}
	image_classes->insert(ClassHelper(klass).GetDescriptor());
	return true;
	}

	// Appends to dex_files any elements of class_path that it doesn't already
	// contain. This will open those dex files as necessary.
	static void OpenClassPathFiles(const std::string& class_path, std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {
	std::vector<std::string> parsed;
	Split(class_path, ':', parsed);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < parsed.size(); ++i) {
	if (DexFilesContains(dex_files, parsed[i])) {
	continue;
	}
	const DexFile* dex_file = DexFile::Open(parsed[i], Runtime::Current()->GetHostPrefix());
	if (dex_file == NULL) {
	LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open dex file " << parsed[i];
	} else {
	dex_files.push_back(dex_file);
	}
	}
	}

	// Returns true if dex_files has a dex with the named location.
	static bool DexFilesContains(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files, const std::string& location) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_files.size(); ++i) {
	if (dex_files[i]->GetLocation() == location) {
	return true;
	}
	}
	return false;
	}

	Runtime* runtime_;
	static const InstructionSet instruction_set_ = kThumb2;

	DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Dex2Oat);
	};

	int dex2oat(int argc, char** argv) {
	// Skip over argv[0].
	argv++;
	argc--;

	if (argc == 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "no arguments specified\n");
	usage();
	}

	std::vector<const char*> dex_filenames;
	std::string oat_filename;
	const char* image_filename = NULL;
	const char* image_classes_filename = NULL;
	std::string boot_image_filename;
	uintptr_t image_base = 0;
	std::string host_prefix;
	std::vector<const char*> runtime_args;

	for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
	const StringPiece option(argv[i]);
	if (false) {
	LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: option[" << i << "]=" << argv[i];
	}
	if (option.starts_with("--dex-file=")) {
	dex_filenames.push_back(option.substr(strlen("--dex-file=")).data());
	} else if (option.starts_with("--oat=")) {
	oat_filename = option.substr(strlen("--oat=")).data();
	} else if (option.starts_with("--image=")) {
	image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image=")).data();
	} else if (option.starts_with("--image-classes=")) {
	image_classes_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image-classes=")).data();
	} else if (option.starts_with("--base=")) {
	const char* image_base_str = option.substr(strlen("--base=")).data();
	char* end;
	image_base = strtoul(image_base_str, &end, 16);
	if (end == image_base_str \|\| *end != '\0') {
	fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse hexadecimal value for option %s\n", option.data());
	usage();
	}
	} else if (option.starts_with("--boot-image=")) {
	boot_image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--boot-image=")).data();
	} else if (option.starts_with("--host-prefix=")) {
	host_prefix = option.substr(strlen("--host-prefix=")).data();
	} else if (option == "--runtime-arg") {
	if (++i >= argc) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Missing required argument for --runtime-arg\n");
	usage();
	}
	runtime_args.push_back(argv[i]);
	} else {
	fprintf(stderr, "unknown argument %s\n", option.data());
	usage();
	}
	}

	if (oat_filename.empty()) {
	fprintf(stderr, "--oat file name not specified\n");
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	if (host_prefix.empty()) {
	const char* android_product_out = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
	if (android_product_out != NULL) {
	host_prefix = android_product_out;
	}
	}

	bool image = (image_filename != NULL);
	if (!image && boot_image_filename.empty()) {
	boot_image_filename += host_prefix;
	boot_image_filename += "/data/art-cache/boot.art";
	}
	std::string boot_image_option;
	if (boot_image_filename != NULL) {
	boot_image_option += "-Ximage:";
	boot_image_option += boot_image_filename;
	}

	if (image_classes_filename != NULL && !image) {
	fprintf(stderr, "--image-classes should only be used with --image\n");
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	if (image_classes_filename != NULL && !boot_image_option.empty()) {
	fprintf(stderr, "--image-classes should not be used with --boot-image\n");
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
	if (image_base == 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "non-zero --base not specified\n");
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}
	}

	// Check early that the result of compilation can be written
	UniquePtr<File> oat_file(OS::OpenFile(oat_filename.c_str(), true));
	if (oat_file.get() == NULL) {
	PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create oat file " << oat_filename;
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}
	LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: " << oat_filename;

	Runtime::Options options;
	options.push_back(std::make_pair("compiler", reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
	std::string boot_class_path_string;
	if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
	boot_class_path_string += "-Xbootclasspath:";
	for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_filenames.size()-1; i++) {
	boot_class_path_string += dex_filenames[i];
	boot_class_path_string += ":";
	}
	boot_class_path_string += dex_filenames[dex_filenames.size()-1];
	options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_class_path_string.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
	} else {
	options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_image_option.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
	}
	if (!host_prefix.empty()) {
	options.push_back(std::make_pair("host-prefix", host_prefix.c_str()));
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < runtime_args.size(); i++) {
	options.push_back(std::make_pair(runtime_args[i], reinterpret_cast<void*>(NULL)));
	}

	UniquePtr<Dex2Oat> dex2oat(Dex2Oat::Create(options));

	// If --image-classes was specified, calculate the full list classes to include in the image
	UniquePtr<const std::set<std::string> > image_classes(NULL);
	if (image_classes_filename != NULL) {
	image_classes.reset(dex2oat->GetImageClassDescriptors(image_classes_filename));
	if (image_classes.get() == NULL) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create list of image classes from " << image_classes_filename;
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}
	}

	if (!dex2oat->CreateOatFile(boot_image_option,
	dex_filenames,
	host_prefix,
	oat_file.get(),
	image,
	image_classes.get())) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file" << oat_filename;
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	if (!image) {
	LOG(INFO) << "Oat file written successfully " << oat_filename;
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (!dex2oat->CreateImageFile(image_filename,
	image_base,
	image_classes.get(),
	oat_filename,
	host_prefix)) {
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	// We wrote the oat file successfully, and want to keep it.
	LOG(INFO) << "Oat file written successfully " << oat_filename;
	LOG(INFO) << "Image written successfully " << image_filename;
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
	}

	} // namespace art

	int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	return art::dex2oat(argc, argv);
	}