runtime/common_throws.cc - LeafOS-Project/android_art - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include "common_throws.h"

 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "class_linker-inl.h"
 #include "dex_file-inl.h"
 #include "dex_instruction-inl.h"
 #include "invoke_type.h"
 #include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/class-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object-inl.h"
 #include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
 #include "object_utils.h"
 #include "thread.h"
 #include "verifier/method_verifier.h"

 #include <sstream>

 namespace art {

 static void AddReferrerLocation(std::ostream& os, const mirror::Class* referrer)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   if (referrer != NULL) {
     ClassHelper kh(referrer);
     std::string location(kh.GetLocation());
     if (!location.empty()) {
       os << " (declaration of '" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer)
             << "' appears in " << location << ")";
     }
   }
 }

 static void ThrowException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* exception_descriptor,
                            const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, va_list* args = NULL)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   if (args != NULL) {
     std::string vmsg;
     StringAppendV(&vmsg, fmt, *args);
     msg << vmsg;
   } else {
     msg << fmt;
   }
   AddReferrerLocation(msg, referrer);
   Thread* self = Thread::Current();
   if (throw_location == NULL) {
     ThrowLocation computed_throw_location = self->GetCurrentLocationForThrow();
     self->ThrowNewException(computed_throw_location, exception_descriptor, msg.str().c_str());
   } else {
     self->ThrowNewException(*throw_location, exception_descriptor, msg.str().c_str());
   }
 }

 // AbstractMethodError

 void ThrowAbstractMethodError(const mirror::ArtMethod* method) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/AbstractMethodError;", NULL,
                  StringPrintf("abstract method \"%s\"",
                               PrettyMethod(method).c_str()).c_str());
 }

 // ArithmeticException

 void ThrowArithmeticExceptionDivideByZero() {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArithmeticException;", NULL, "divide by zero");
 }

 // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

 void ThrowArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(int index, int length) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;", NULL,
                  StringPrintf("length=%d; index=%d", length, index).c_str());
 }

 // ArrayStoreException

 void ThrowArrayStoreException(const mirror::Class* element_class,
                               const mirror::Class* array_class) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArrayStoreException;", NULL,
                  StringPrintf("%s cannot be stored in an array of type %s",
                               PrettyDescriptor(element_class).c_str(),
                               PrettyDescriptor(array_class).c_str()).c_str());
 }

 // ClassCastException

 void ThrowClassCastException(const mirror::Class* dest_type, const mirror::Class* src_type) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassCastException;", NULL,
                  StringPrintf("%s cannot be cast to %s",
                               PrettyDescriptor(src_type).c_str(),
                               PrettyDescriptor(dest_type).c_str()).c_str());
 }

 void ThrowClassCastException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
   ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/ClassCastException;", NULL, msg);
 }

 // ClassCircularityError

 void ThrowClassCircularityError(mirror::Class* c) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << PrettyDescriptor(c);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassCircularityError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 // ClassFormatError

 void ThrowClassFormatError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassFormatError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);}

 // IllegalAccessError

 void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorClass(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::Class* accessed) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Illegal class access: '" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "' attempting to access '"
       << PrettyDescriptor(accessed) << "'";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorClassForMethodDispatch(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::Class* accessed,
                                                    const mirror::ArtMethod* caller,
                                                    const mirror::ArtMethod* called,
                                                    InvokeType type) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Illegal class access ('" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "' attempting to access '"
       << PrettyDescriptor(accessed) << "') in attempt to invoke " << type
       << " method " << PrettyMethod(called).c_str();
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorMethod(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::ArtMethod* accessed) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Method '" << PrettyMethod(accessed) << "' is inaccessible to class '"
       << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "'";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorField(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::ArtField* accessed) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Field '" << PrettyField(accessed, false) << "' is inaccessible to class '"
       << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "'";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorFinalField(const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                                        mirror::ArtField* accessed) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Final field '" << PrettyField(accessed, false) << "' cannot be written to by method '"
       << PrettyMethod(referrer) << "'";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;",
                  referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
                  msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIllegalAccessError(mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);
 }

 // IllegalArgumentException

 void ThrowIllegalArgumentException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
   ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/IllegalArgumentException;", NULL, msg);
 }


 // IncompatibleClassChangeError

 void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeError(InvokeType expected_type, InvokeType found_type,
                                        mirror::ArtMethod* method,
                                        const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "The method '" << PrettyMethod(method) << "' was expected to be of type "
       << expected_type << " but instead was found to be of type " << found_type;
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;",
                  referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
                  msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeErrorClassForInterfaceDispatch(const mirror::ArtMethod* interface_method,
                                                                 mirror::Object* this_object,
                                                                 const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
   // Referrer is calling interface_method on this_object, however, the interface_method isn't
   // implemented by this_object.
   CHECK(this_object != NULL);
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Class '" << PrettyDescriptor(this_object->GetClass())
       << "' does not implement interface '"
       << PrettyDescriptor(interface_method->GetDeclaringClass())
       << "' in call to '" << PrettyMethod(interface_method) << "'";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;",
                  referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
                  msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeErrorField(const mirror::ArtField* resolved_field, bool is_static,
                                             const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Expected '" << PrettyField(resolved_field) << "' to be a "
       << (is_static ? "static" : "instance") << " field" << " rather than a "
       << (is_static ? "instance" : "static") << " field";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;", referrer->GetClass(),
                  msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);
 }

 // LinkageError

 void ThrowLinkageError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/LinkageError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);
 }

 // NegativeArraySizeException

 void ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(int size) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NegativeArraySizeException;", NULL,
                  StringPrintf("%d", size).c_str());
 }

 void ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(const char* msg) {
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NegativeArraySizeException;", NULL, msg);
 }

 // NoSuchFieldError

 void ThrowNoSuchFieldError(const StringPiece& scope, mirror::Class* c,
                            const StringPiece& type, const StringPiece& name)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   ClassHelper kh(c);
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "No " << scope << "field " << name << " of type " << type
       << " in class " << kh.GetDescriptor() << " or its superclasses";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchFieldError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 // NoSuchMethodError

 void ThrowNoSuchMethodError(InvokeType type, mirror::Class* c, const StringPiece& name,
                             const StringPiece& signature) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   ClassHelper kh(c);
   msg << "No " << type << " method " << name << signature
       << " in class " << kh.GetDescriptor() << " or its super classes";
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchMethodError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowNoSuchMethodError(uint32_t method_idx) {
   Thread* self = Thread::Current();
   ThrowLocation throw_location = self->GetCurrentLocationForThrow();
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
   const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "No method '" << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file, true) << "'";
   ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchMethodError;",
                  throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass(), msg.str().c_str());
 }

 // NullPointerException

 void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
                                              mirror::ArtField* field, bool is_read) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Attempt to " << (is_read ? "read from" : "write to")
       << " field '" << PrettyField(field, true) << "' on a null object reference";
   ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 static void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
                                                          uint32_t method_idx,
                                                          const DexFile& dex_file,
                                                          InvokeType type)
     SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   std::ostringstream msg;
   msg << "Attempt to invoke " << type << " method '"
       << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file, true) << "' on a null object reference";
   ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg.str().c_str());
 }

 void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
                                               uint32_t method_idx,
                                               InvokeType type) {
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
   const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(throw_location, method_idx,
                                                dex_file, type);
 }

 void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
                                               mirror::ArtMethod* method,
                                               InvokeType type) {
   mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
   const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
   ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(throw_location, method->GetDexMethodIndex(),
                                                dex_file, type);
 }

 void ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromDexPC(const ThrowLocation& throw_location) {
   const DexFile::CodeItem* code = MethodHelper(throw_location.GetMethod()).GetCodeItem();
   uint32_t throw_dex_pc = throw_location.GetDexPc();
   CHECK_LT(throw_dex_pc, code->insns_size_in_code_units_);
   const Instruction* instr = Instruction::At(&code->insns_[throw_dex_pc]);
   switch (instr->Opcode()) {
     case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kDirect);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kDirect);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kVirtual);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kVirtual);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kInterface);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE:
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kInterface);
       break;
     case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_QUICK:
     case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE_QUICK: {
       // Since we replaced the method index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
       // method is invoked at this location.
       mirror::ArtMethod* method =
           verifier::MethodVerifier::FindInvokedMethodAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
                                                              throw_location.GetDexPc());
       if (method != NULL) {
         // NPE with precise message.
         ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, method, kVirtual);
       } else {
         // NPE with imprecise message.
         ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
                                   "Attempt to invoke a virtual method on a null object reference");
       }
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::IGET:
     case Instruction::IGET_WIDE:
     case Instruction::IGET_OBJECT:
     case Instruction::IGET_BOOLEAN:
     case Instruction::IGET_BYTE:
     case Instruction::IGET_CHAR:
     case Instruction::IGET_SHORT: {
       mirror::ArtField* field =
           Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveField(instr->VRegC_22c(),
                                                              throw_location.GetMethod(), false);
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, true /* read */);
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::IGET_QUICK:
     case Instruction::IGET_WIDE_QUICK:
     case Instruction::IGET_OBJECT_QUICK: {
       // Since we replaced the field index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
       // field is accessed at this location.
       mirror::ArtField* field =
           verifier::MethodVerifier::FindAccessedFieldAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
                                                              throw_location.GetDexPc());
       if (field != NULL) {
         // NPE with precise message.
         ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, true /* read */);
       } else {
         // NPE with imprecise message.
         ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
                                   "Attempt to read from a field on a null object reference");
       }
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::IPUT:
     case Instruction::IPUT_WIDE:
     case Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT:
     case Instruction::IPUT_BOOLEAN:
     case Instruction::IPUT_BYTE:
     case Instruction::IPUT_CHAR:
     case Instruction::IPUT_SHORT: {
       mirror::ArtField* field =
           Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveField(instr->VRegC_22c(),
                                                              throw_location.GetMethod(), false);
       ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, false /* write */);
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::IPUT_QUICK:
     case Instruction::IPUT_WIDE_QUICK:
     case Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT_QUICK: {
       // Since we replaced the field index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
       // field is accessed at this location.
       mirror::ArtField* field =
           verifier::MethodVerifier::FindAccessedFieldAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
                                                              throw_location.GetDexPc());
       if (field != NULL) {
         // NPE with precise message.
         ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, false /* write */);
       } else {
         // NPE with imprecise message.
         ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
                                   "Attempt to write to a field on a null object reference");
       }
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::AGET:
     case Instruction::AGET_WIDE:
     case Instruction::AGET_OBJECT:
     case Instruction::AGET_BOOLEAN:
     case Instruction::AGET_BYTE:
     case Instruction::AGET_CHAR:
     case Instruction::AGET_SHORT:
       ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
                      "Attempt to read from null array");
       break;
     case Instruction::APUT:
     case Instruction::APUT_WIDE:
     case Instruction::APUT_OBJECT:
     case Instruction::APUT_BOOLEAN:
     case Instruction::APUT_BYTE:
     case Instruction::APUT_CHAR:
     case Instruction::APUT_SHORT:
       ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
                      "Attempt to write to null array");
       break;
     case Instruction::ARRAY_LENGTH:
       ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
                      "Attempt to get length of null array");
       break;
     default: {
       // TODO: We should have covered all the cases where we expect a NPE above, this
       //       message/logging is so we can improve any cases we've missed in the future.
       const DexFile& dex_file =
           *throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetDexFile();
       ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
                      StringPrintf("Null pointer exception during instruction '%s'",
                                   instr->DumpString(&dex_file).c_str()).c_str());
       break;
     }
   }
 }

 void ThrowNullPointerException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
   ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg);
 }

 // RuntimeException

 void ThrowRuntimeException(const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;", NULL, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);
 }

 // VerifyError

 void ThrowVerifyError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
   ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/VerifyError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
   va_end(args);
 }

 }  // namespace art
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include "common_throws.h"

	#include "base/logging.h"
	#include "class_linker-inl.h"
	#include "dex_file-inl.h"
	#include "dex_instruction-inl.h"
	#include "invoke_type.h"
	#include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
	#include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
	#include "object_utils.h"
	#include "thread.h"
	#include "verifier/method_verifier.h"

	#include <sstream>

	namespace art {

	static void AddReferrerLocation(std::ostream& os, const mirror::Class* referrer)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	if (referrer != NULL) {
	ClassHelper kh(referrer);
	std::string location(kh.GetLocation());
	if (!location.empty()) {
	os << " (declaration of '" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer)
	<< "' appears in " << location << ")";
	}
	}
	}

	static void ThrowException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* exception_descriptor,
	const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, va_list* args = NULL)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	if (args != NULL) {
	std::string vmsg;
	StringAppendV(&vmsg, fmt, *args);
	msg << vmsg;
	} else {
	msg << fmt;
	}
	AddReferrerLocation(msg, referrer);
	Thread* self = Thread::Current();
	if (throw_location == NULL) {
	ThrowLocation computed_throw_location = self->GetCurrentLocationForThrow();
	self->ThrowNewException(computed_throw_location, exception_descriptor, msg.str().c_str());
	} else {
	self->ThrowNewException(*throw_location, exception_descriptor, msg.str().c_str());
	}
	}

	// AbstractMethodError

	void ThrowAbstractMethodError(const mirror::ArtMethod* method) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/AbstractMethodError;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("abstract method \"%s\"",
	PrettyMethod(method).c_str()).c_str());
	}

	// ArithmeticException

	void ThrowArithmeticExceptionDivideByZero() {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArithmeticException;", NULL, "divide by zero");
	}

	// ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

	void ThrowArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(int index, int length) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("length=%d; index=%d", length, index).c_str());
	}

	// ArrayStoreException

	void ThrowArrayStoreException(const mirror::Class* element_class,
	const mirror::Class* array_class) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ArrayStoreException;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("%s cannot be stored in an array of type %s",
	PrettyDescriptor(element_class).c_str(),
	PrettyDescriptor(array_class).c_str()).c_str());
	}

	// ClassCastException

	void ThrowClassCastException(const mirror::Class* dest_type, const mirror::Class* src_type) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassCastException;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("%s cannot be cast to %s",
	PrettyDescriptor(src_type).c_str(),
	PrettyDescriptor(dest_type).c_str()).c_str());
	}

	void ThrowClassCastException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
	ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/ClassCastException;", NULL, msg);
	}

	// ClassCircularityError

	void ThrowClassCircularityError(mirror::Class* c) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << PrettyDescriptor(c);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassCircularityError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	// ClassFormatError

	void ThrowClassFormatError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/ClassFormatError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);}

	// IllegalAccessError

	void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorClass(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::Class* accessed) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Illegal class access: '" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "' attempting to access '"
	<< PrettyDescriptor(accessed) << "'";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorClassForMethodDispatch(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::Class* accessed,
	const mirror::ArtMethod* caller,
	const mirror::ArtMethod* called,
	InvokeType type) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Illegal class access ('" << PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "' attempting to access '"
	<< PrettyDescriptor(accessed) << "') in attempt to invoke " << type
	<< " method " << PrettyMethod(called).c_str();
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorMethod(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::ArtMethod* accessed) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Method '" << PrettyMethod(accessed) << "' is inaccessible to class '"
	<< PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "'";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorField(mirror::Class* referrer, mirror::ArtField* accessed) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Field '" << PrettyField(accessed, false) << "' is inaccessible to class '"
	<< PrettyDescriptor(referrer) << "'";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIllegalAccessErrorFinalField(const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
	mirror::ArtField* accessed) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Final field '" << PrettyField(accessed, false) << "' cannot be written to by method '"
	<< PrettyMethod(referrer) << "'";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;",
	referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
	msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIllegalAccessError(mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);
	}

	// IllegalArgumentException

	void ThrowIllegalArgumentException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
	ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/IllegalArgumentException;", NULL, msg);
	}


	// IncompatibleClassChangeError

	void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeError(InvokeType expected_type, InvokeType found_type,
	mirror::ArtMethod* method,
	const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "The method '" << PrettyMethod(method) << "' was expected to be of type "
	<< expected_type << " but instead was found to be of type " << found_type;
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;",
	referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
	msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeErrorClassForInterfaceDispatch(const mirror::ArtMethod* interface_method,
	mirror::Object* this_object,
	const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
	// Referrer is calling interface_method on this_object, however, the interface_method isn't
	// implemented by this_object.
	CHECK(this_object != NULL);
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Class '" << PrettyDescriptor(this_object->GetClass())
	<< "' does not implement interface '"
	<< PrettyDescriptor(interface_method->GetDeclaringClass())
	<< "' in call to '" << PrettyMethod(interface_method) << "'";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;",
	referrer != NULL ? referrer->GetClass() : NULL,
	msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeErrorField(const mirror::ArtField* resolved_field, bool is_static,
	const mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Expected '" << PrettyField(resolved_field) << "' to be a "
	<< (is_static ? "static" : "instance") << " field" << " rather than a "
	<< (is_static ? "instance" : "static") << " field";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;", referrer->GetClass(),
	msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowIncompatibleClassChangeError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);
	}

	// LinkageError

	void ThrowLinkageError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/LinkageError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);
	}

	// NegativeArraySizeException

	void ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(int size) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NegativeArraySizeException;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("%d", size).c_str());
	}

	void ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(const char* msg) {
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NegativeArraySizeException;", NULL, msg);
	}

	// NoSuchFieldError

	void ThrowNoSuchFieldError(const StringPiece& scope, mirror::Class* c,
	const StringPiece& type, const StringPiece& name)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	ClassHelper kh(c);
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "No " << scope << "field " << name << " of type " << type
	<< " in class " << kh.GetDescriptor() << " or its superclasses";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchFieldError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	// NoSuchMethodError

	void ThrowNoSuchMethodError(InvokeType type, mirror::Class* c, const StringPiece& name,
	const StringPiece& signature) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	ClassHelper kh(c);
	msg << "No " << type << " method " << name << signature
	<< " in class " << kh.GetDescriptor() << " or its super classes";
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchMethodError;", c, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowNoSuchMethodError(uint32_t method_idx) {
	Thread* self = Thread::Current();
	ThrowLocation throw_location = self->GetCurrentLocationForThrow();
	mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
	const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "No method '" << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file, true) << "'";
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NoSuchMethodError;",
	throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass(), msg.str().c_str());
	}

	// NullPointerException

	void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
	mirror::ArtField* field, bool is_read) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Attempt to " << (is_read ? "read from" : "write to")
	<< " field '" << PrettyField(field, true) << "' on a null object reference";
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	static void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
	uint32_t method_idx,
	const DexFile& dex_file,
	InvokeType type)
	SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
	std::ostringstream msg;
	msg << "Attempt to invoke " << type << " method '"
	<< PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file, true) << "' on a null object reference";
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg.str().c_str());
	}

	void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
	uint32_t method_idx,
	InvokeType type) {
	mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
	const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(throw_location, method_idx,
	dex_file, type);
	}

	void ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(const ThrowLocation& throw_location,
	mirror::ArtMethod* method,
	InvokeType type) {
	mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache();
	const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccessImpl(throw_location, method->GetDexMethodIndex(),
	dex_file, type);
	}

	void ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromDexPC(const ThrowLocation& throw_location) {
	const DexFile::CodeItem* code = MethodHelper(throw_location.GetMethod()).GetCodeItem();
	uint32_t throw_dex_pc = throw_location.GetDexPc();
	CHECK_LT(throw_dex_pc, code->insns_size_in_code_units_);
	const Instruction* instr = Instruction::At(&code->insns_[throw_dex_pc]);
	switch (instr->Opcode()) {
	case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kDirect);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT_RANGE:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kDirect);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kVirtual);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kVirtual);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_35c(), kInterface);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_INTERFACE_RANGE:
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, instr->VRegB_3rc(), kInterface);
	break;
	case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_QUICK:
	case Instruction::INVOKE_VIRTUAL_RANGE_QUICK: {
	// Since we replaced the method index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
	// method is invoked at this location.
	mirror::ArtMethod* method =
	verifier::MethodVerifier::FindInvokedMethodAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
	throw_location.GetDexPc());
	if (method != NULL) {
	// NPE with precise message.
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(throw_location, method, kVirtual);
	} else {
	// NPE with imprecise message.
	ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
	"Attempt to invoke a virtual method on a null object reference");
	}
	break;
	}
	case Instruction::IGET:
	case Instruction::IGET_WIDE:
	case Instruction::IGET_OBJECT:
	case Instruction::IGET_BOOLEAN:
	case Instruction::IGET_BYTE:
	case Instruction::IGET_CHAR:
	case Instruction::IGET_SHORT: {
	mirror::ArtField* field =
	Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveField(instr->VRegC_22c(),
	throw_location.GetMethod(), false);
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, true /* read */);
	break;
	}
	case Instruction::IGET_QUICK:
	case Instruction::IGET_WIDE_QUICK:
	case Instruction::IGET_OBJECT_QUICK: {
	// Since we replaced the field index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
	// field is accessed at this location.
	mirror::ArtField* field =
	verifier::MethodVerifier::FindAccessedFieldAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
	throw_location.GetDexPc());
	if (field != NULL) {
	// NPE with precise message.
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, true /* read */);
	} else {
	// NPE with imprecise message.
	ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
	"Attempt to read from a field on a null object reference");
	}
	break;
	}
	case Instruction::IPUT:
	case Instruction::IPUT_WIDE:
	case Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT:
	case Instruction::IPUT_BOOLEAN:
	case Instruction::IPUT_BYTE:
	case Instruction::IPUT_CHAR:
	case Instruction::IPUT_SHORT: {
	mirror::ArtField* field =
	Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveField(instr->VRegC_22c(),
	throw_location.GetMethod(), false);
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, false /* write */);
	break;
	}
	case Instruction::IPUT_QUICK:
	case Instruction::IPUT_WIDE_QUICK:
	case Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT_QUICK: {
	// Since we replaced the field index, we ask the verifier to tell us which
	// field is accessed at this location.
	mirror::ArtField* field =
	verifier::MethodVerifier::FindAccessedFieldAtDexPc(throw_location.GetMethod(),
	throw_location.GetDexPc());
	if (field != NULL) {
	// NPE with precise message.
	ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(throw_location, field, false /* write */);
	} else {
	// NPE with imprecise message.
	ThrowNullPointerException(&throw_location,
	"Attempt to write to a field on a null object reference");
	}
	break;
	}
	case Instruction::AGET:
	case Instruction::AGET_WIDE:
	case Instruction::AGET_OBJECT:
	case Instruction::AGET_BOOLEAN:
	case Instruction::AGET_BYTE:
	case Instruction::AGET_CHAR:
	case Instruction::AGET_SHORT:
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
	"Attempt to read from null array");
	break;
	case Instruction::APUT:
	case Instruction::APUT_WIDE:
	case Instruction::APUT_OBJECT:
	case Instruction::APUT_BOOLEAN:
	case Instruction::APUT_BYTE:
	case Instruction::APUT_CHAR:
	case Instruction::APUT_SHORT:
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
	"Attempt to write to null array");
	break;
	case Instruction::ARRAY_LENGTH:
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
	"Attempt to get length of null array");
	break;
	default: {
	// TODO: We should have covered all the cases where we expect a NPE above, this
	// message/logging is so we can improve any cases we've missed in the future.
	const DexFile& dex_file =
	*throw_location.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexCache()->GetDexFile();
	ThrowException(&throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL,
	StringPrintf("Null pointer exception during instruction '%s'",
	instr->DumpString(&dex_file).c_str()).c_str());
	break;
	}
	}
	}

	void ThrowNullPointerException(const ThrowLocation* throw_location, const char* msg) {
	ThrowException(throw_location, "Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", NULL, msg);
	}

	// RuntimeException

	void ThrowRuntimeException(const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;", NULL, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);
	}

	// VerifyError

	void ThrowVerifyError(const mirror::Class* referrer, const char* fmt, ...) {
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ThrowException(NULL, "Ljava/lang/VerifyError;", referrer, fmt, &args);
	va_end(args);
	}

	} // namespace art