include/linux/bpf_verifier.h

/* Copyright (c) 2011-2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
#ifndef _LINUX_BPF_VERIFIER_H
#define _LINUX_BPF_VERIFIER_H 1

#include <linux/bpf.h> /* for enum bpf_reg_type */
#include <linux/filter.h> /* for MAX_BPF_STACK */
#include <linux/tnum.h>

/* Maximum variable offset umax_value permitted when resolving memory accesses.
 * In practice this is far bigger than any realistic pointer offset; this limit
 * ensures that umax_value + (int)off + (int)size cannot overflow a u64.
 */
#define BPF_MAX_VAR_OFF	(1 << 29)
/* Maximum variable size permitted for ARG_CONST_SIZE[_OR_ZERO].  This ensures
 * that converting umax_value to int cannot overflow.
 */
#define BPF_MAX_VAR_SIZ	(1 << 29)

/* Liveness marks, used for registers and spilled-regs (in stack slots).
 * Read marks propagate upwards until they find a write mark; they record that
 * "one of this state's descendants read this reg" (and therefore the reg is
 * relevant for states_equal() checks).
 * Write marks collect downwards and do not propagate; they record that "the
 * straight-line code that reached this state (from its parent) wrote this reg"
 * (and therefore that reads propagated from this state or its descendants
 * should not propagate to its parent).
 * A state with a write mark can receive read marks; it just won't propagate
 * them to its parent, since the write mark is a property, not of the state,
 * but of the link between it and its parent.  See mark_reg_read() and
 * mark_stack_slot_read() in kernel/bpf/verifier.c.
 */
enum bpf_reg_liveness {
	REG_LIVE_NONE = 0, /* reg hasn't been read or written this branch */
	REG_LIVE_READ, /* reg was read, so we're sensitive to initial value */
	REG_LIVE_WRITTEN, /* reg was written first, screening off later reads */
};

struct bpf_reg_state {
	enum bpf_reg_type type;
	union {
		/* valid when type == PTR_TO_PACKET */
		u16 range;

		/* valid when type == CONST_PTR_TO_MAP | PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE |
		 *   PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL
		 */
		struct bpf_map *map_ptr;

		/* Max size from any of the above. */
		unsigned long raw;
	};
	/* Fixed part of pointer offset, pointer types only */
	s32 off;
	/* For PTR_TO_PACKET, used to find other pointers with the same variable
	 * offset, so they can share range knowledge.
	 * For PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL this is used to share which map value we
	 * came from, when one is tested for != NULL.
	 */
	u32 id;
	/* Ordering of fields matters.  See states_equal() */
	/* For scalar types (SCALAR_VALUE), this represents our knowledge of
	 * the actual value.
	 * For pointer types, this represents the variable part of the offset
	 * from the pointed-to object, and is shared with all bpf_reg_states
	 * with the same id as us.
	 */
	struct tnum var_off;
	/* Used to determine if any memory access using this register will
	 * result in a bad access.
	 * These refer to the same value as var_off, not necessarily the actual
	 * contents of the register.
	 */
	s64 smin_value; /* minimum possible (s64)value */
	s64 smax_value; /* maximum possible (s64)value */
	u64 umin_value; /* minimum possible (u64)value */
	u64 umax_value; /* maximum possible (u64)value */
	/* This field must be last, for states_equal() reasons. */
	enum bpf_reg_liveness live;
};

enum bpf_stack_slot_type {
	STACK_INVALID,    /* nothing was stored in this stack slot */
	STACK_SPILL,      /* register spilled into stack */
	STACK_MISC	  /* BPF program wrote some data into this slot */
};

#define BPF_REG_SIZE 8	/* size of eBPF register in bytes */

struct bpf_stack_state {
	struct bpf_reg_state spilled_ptr;
	u8 slot_type[BPF_REG_SIZE];
};

/* state of the program:
 * type of all registers and stack info
 */
struct bpf_verifier_state {
	struct bpf_reg_state regs[MAX_BPF_REG];
	struct bpf_verifier_state *parent;
	int allocated_stack;
	struct bpf_stack_state *stack;
	bool speculative;
};

/* linked list of verifier states used to prune search */
struct bpf_verifier_state_list {
	struct bpf_verifier_state state;
	struct bpf_verifier_state_list *next;
};

/* Possible states for alu_state member. */
#define BPF_ALU_SANITIZE_SRC		1U
#define BPF_ALU_SANITIZE_DST		2U
#define BPF_ALU_NEG_VALUE		(1U << 2)
#define BPF_ALU_NON_POINTER		(1U << 3)
#define BPF_ALU_SANITIZE		(BPF_ALU_SANITIZE_SRC | \
					 BPF_ALU_SANITIZE_DST)

struct bpf_insn_aux_data {
	union {
		enum bpf_reg_type ptr_type;	/* pointer type for load/store insns */
		struct bpf_map *map_ptr;	/* pointer for call insn into lookup_elem */
		u32 alu_limit;			/* limit for add/sub register with pointer */
	};
	int ctx_field_size; /* the ctx field size for load insn, maybe 0 */
	int sanitize_stack_off; /* stack slot to be cleared */
	bool seen; /* this insn was processed by the verifier */
	u8 alu_state; /* used in combination with alu_limit */
};

#define MAX_USED_MAPS 64 /* max number of maps accessed by one eBPF program */

struct bpf_verifier_env;
struct bpf_ext_analyzer_ops {
	int (*insn_hook)(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
			 int insn_idx, int prev_insn_idx);
};

/* single container for all structs
 * one verifier_env per bpf_check() call
 */
struct bpf_verifier_env {
	u32 insn_idx;
	u32 prev_insn_idx;
	struct bpf_prog *prog;		/* eBPF program being verified */
	struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem *head; /* stack of verifier states to be processed */
	int stack_size;			/* number of states to be processed */
	bool strict_alignment;		/* perform strict pointer alignment checks */
	struct bpf_verifier_state *cur_state; /* current verifier state */
	struct bpf_verifier_state_list **explored_states; /* search pruning optimization */
	const struct bpf_ext_analyzer_ops *analyzer_ops; /* external analyzer ops */
	void *analyzer_priv; /* pointer to external analyzer's private data */
	struct bpf_map *used_maps[MAX_USED_MAPS]; /* array of map's used by eBPF program */
	u32 used_map_cnt;		/* number of used maps */
	u32 id_gen;			/* used to generate unique reg IDs */
	bool allow_ptr_leaks;
	bool seen_direct_write;
	struct bpf_insn_aux_data *insn_aux_data; /* array of per-insn state */
};

static inline struct bpf_reg_state *cur_regs(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
{
	return env->cur_state->regs;
}

int bpf_analyzer(struct bpf_prog *prog, const struct bpf_ext_analyzer_ops *ops,
		 void *priv);

#endif /* _LINUX_BPF_VERIFIER_H */