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Mauro Carvalho Chehabe53dd082007-09-15 07:38:47 -03001 Kernel Parameters
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003
4The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5(mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6(defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
8
9Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
11
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
13
14Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16'.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
17
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
19
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -070020Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
24
25
Stefan Richtera901ebb2006-04-01 01:43:18 +020026This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
32
Stefan Richter6585fa82006-04-01 01:44:30 +020033The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36parameter is applicable:
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070037
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
Chuck Ebbertc99c1082007-07-27 10:46:20 +100039 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070040 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070043 ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
Haavard Skinnemoene7ba1762007-10-10 14:58:29 +020044 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070045 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
Robin Getz0ae53642007-10-09 17:24:49 +080046 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
Alan Cox9cfe2682011-01-25 14:18:38 +000047 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
48 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070049 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
50 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
51 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
Mimi Zohar7102ebc2011-05-12 18:33:20 -040052 EVM Extended Verification Module
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070053 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070054 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
Peter Oberparleiter2521f2c2009-06-17 16:28:08 -070055 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070056 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070057 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
Mimi Zohar6146f0d2009-02-04 09:06:57 -050058 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070059 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
Adrian Bunk41e2e8b2005-07-12 13:58:33 -070060 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -080061 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070062 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
63 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
64 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -050065 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +020066 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
Kristen Carlson Accardi11ef6972006-09-28 11:29:01 -070067 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070068 LP Printer support is enabled.
69 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
70 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
71 These options have more detailed description inside of
72 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070073 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -070074 MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070075 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
Matthew Wilcox309e57d2006-03-05 22:33:34 -070076 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -070077 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070078 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
79 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
80 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
81 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -070082 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
83 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070084 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
85 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap7f785762007-10-05 13:17:58 -070086 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070087 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
88 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
89 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
90 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
91 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
92 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
93 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
94 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
Randy Dunlap163475f2010-08-14 12:36:14 -070095 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
96 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
James Morris20510f22007-10-16 23:31:32 -070097 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -070098 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
John Johansenc1c124e2010-07-29 14:48:09 -070099 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700100 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
Paul Mundte523d932007-02-28 18:30:01 +0900101 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700102 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
103 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
David Brownell77437fd2008-07-23 21:28:33 -0700104 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
105 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
Rajiv Andrade225a9be2010-03-25 00:55:32 -0300106 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700107 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -0500108 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700109 USB USB support is enabled.
110 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
111 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
Pawel Moll81a054c2012-05-09 18:30:16 +0100112 VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700113 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
114 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
115 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
116 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700117 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700118 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
119 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -0700120 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -0700121 X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +0100122 XEN Xen support is enabled
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700123
124In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
125
126 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
127 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
128 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
129
130Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
131loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
132Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
Kyle McMartin954a8b82009-02-19 16:48:14 -0500133need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700134
Karsten Weiss55588702007-02-13 13:26:21 +0100135There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -0700136See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
Karsten Weiss55588702007-02-13 13:26:21 +0100137
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700138Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
139a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
140be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
141it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
142running once the system is up.
143
jens m. noedler9c4751f2006-09-29 02:00:27 -0700144The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
145complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
146a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
147and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
148./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
149
Ahmed S. Darwish7a19a232011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800150Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
151parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
152multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
153bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
154
jens m. noedler9c4751f2006-09-29 02:00:27 -0700155
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530156 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86]
Bernhard Walle03d926f2007-03-06 02:29:44 -0800157 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
Len Brown68ca4062010-02-19 00:09:22 -0500158 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700159 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
160 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
161 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700162 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700163 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
Zhao Yakui237889b2008-12-17 16:55:18 +0800164 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
Lin Mingaa2110c2010-04-08 14:34:27 +0800165 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700166
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200167 See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700168
Takao Indoh4996c022011-07-14 18:05:21 -0400169 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
170 Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
171 on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
172 second kernel for kdump.
173
Len Browna1fdcc02007-03-11 03:26:14 -0400174 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
175 Format: <int>
176 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
177 1,0: use 1st APIC table
Len Brown4e381a42007-03-30 14:16:10 -0400178 default: 0
Len Browna1fdcc02007-03-11 03:26:14 -0400179
Thomas Renningerc3d6de62008-08-01 17:37:55 +0200180 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
181 acpi_backlight=vendor
182 acpi_backlight=video
183 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
184 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
185 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
186
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700187 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
188 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700189 Format: <int>
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700190 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
191 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
192 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
193 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
194 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
195 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
196 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
Bjorn Helgaase76f4272008-11-13 17:30:13 -0600197 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
198 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
199 debug layers and levels.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700200
Bjorn Helgaase76f4272008-11-13 17:30:13 -0600201 Enable processor driver info messages:
202 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
203 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
204 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700205 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
206 object while interpreting AML:
207 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700208 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
209 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
Thomas Renninger36eec5e2008-08-11 15:03:20 +0200210
Bjorn Helgaasa0d84a92008-11-07 16:58:05 -0700211 Some values produce so much output that the system is
212 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
213 if you need to capture more output.
Zhang Ruif9891062007-04-24 13:53:22 +0800214
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700215 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
216 ACPI will balance active IRQs
217 default in APIC mode
218
219 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
220 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
221 default in PIC mode
222
223 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
224 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
225
226 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
227 use by PCI
228 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
229
230 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
231
232 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
233 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
234
235 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
236 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
237 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
238 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
239
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530240 acpi_pm_good [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700241 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
242 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
243 and always returns good values.
244
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700245 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
246 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
247
248 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
249
250 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
251 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
252 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
253
254 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
255 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
Amerigo Wangc3b07952011-05-10 21:09:38 +0200256 old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700257 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
258 s3_bios and s3_mode.
259 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
260 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
261 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
262 used during resume from hibernation.
263 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
264 control method, with respect to putting devices into
265 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
266 of _PTS is used by default).
Rafael J. Wysocki72ad5d72010-07-23 22:59:09 +0200267 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
268 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
Zhang Ruid7f0eea2009-12-30 15:36:42 +0800269 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
270 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
271 but some broken systems don't work without it).
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700272
273 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
274 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
275 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
276
Luca Tettamanti7e905602009-03-30 00:01:27 +0200277 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
278 { strict | lax | no }
279 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
280 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
281 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
282 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
283 can interfere with legacy drivers.
284 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
285 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
286 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
287 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
288 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
289 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
290 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
291 no further checks are performed.
292
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -0700293 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
294 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
295
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700296 agp= [AGP]
297 { off | try_unsupported }
298 off: disable AGP support
299 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
300 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
301
Randy Dunlapbcfde332010-06-07 17:10:38 -0700302 ALSA [HW,ALSA]
303 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
304
Russell Kingd944d542010-02-20 16:13:29 +0000305 alignment= [KNL,ARM]
306 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
307 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
308 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
309
Borislav Petkovdfb09f92011-08-05 15:15:08 +0200310 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
311 Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
312 allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
313 gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
314 machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
315 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
316 a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
317
Borislav Petkov8360ee22011-11-21 12:10:19 +0100318 32: only for 32-bit processes
319 64: only for 64-bit processes
Borislav Petkovdfb09f92011-08-05 15:15:08 +0200320 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
321 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
322
Sedat Dilek89e0b9a2011-12-05 23:08:32 +0100323 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
Joerg Roedel54b4cbd2008-06-26 21:28:10 +0200324 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
325 Possible values are:
FUJITA Tomonoriafa9fdc2008-09-20 01:23:30 +0900326 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
327 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
328 flushed before they will be reused, which
329 is a lot of faster
Joerg Roedela5235722010-05-11 17:12:33 +0200330 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
331 the system
Joerg Roedel5abcdba2011-12-01 15:49:45 +0100332 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
333 devices. The IOMMU driver is not
334 allowed anymore to lift isolation
335 requirements as needed. This option
336 does not override iommu=pt
FUJITA Tomonoriafa9fdc2008-09-20 01:23:30 +0900337
Shuah Khanc099cf12012-05-24 15:58:25 -0600338 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
339 Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
340 for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
341 driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
342 IOMMU initialization.
343
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700344 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
345 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
346 Format: <a>,<b>
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200347 See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700348
349 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
350 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
351 connected to one of 16 gameports
352 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
353
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700354 apc= [HW,SPARC]
355 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700356 Format: noidle
357 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
358 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
359 APC and your system crashes randomly.
360
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -0700361 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -0700362 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700363 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
364 Change the amount of debugging information output
365 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700366
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800367 autoconf= [IPV6]
368 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
369
Cyrill Gorcunov9636bc02009-10-14 19:09:04 +0400370 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
371 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
372 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
373 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
374 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
375 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
376 apic=verbose is specified.
377 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
378
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700379 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
Pavel Machek71f77052008-07-04 09:59:43 -0700380 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700381
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700382 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
383 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
384
385 ataflop= [HW,M68k]
386
387 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
388
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700389 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
390 EzKey and similar keyboards
391
392 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
393
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700394 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
395 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700396
397 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
398 keyboards
399
400 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
401 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700402
403 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
404 Use software keyboard repeat
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700405
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700406 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
407 Format: <io>,<mode>
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700408
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700409 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
410 Format: <io>,<mode>
411 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
412
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700413 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
414 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700415 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
416 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
417
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700418 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
419 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700420 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
421 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
422
Randy Dunlapbfe8df32007-10-16 01:23:46 -0700423 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
424 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
425 no delay (0).
426 Format: integer
427
Andreas Herrmann35fc9082008-08-20 14:08:58 -0700428 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
429
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700430 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700431 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
432 kernel args too.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700433 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200434 bttv.tuner=
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700435
Will Schmidt4e89a2d2010-09-28 15:33:12 +0000436 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
437 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
438 at a time.
439
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700440 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
441
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700442 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700443 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
444 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
445 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
446 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
447 This option provides an override for these situations.
448
James Morris20510f22007-10-16 23:31:32 -0700449 capability.disable=
450 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
451 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
452 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
453 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
454
Sebastian Ott14ff56b2008-01-26 14:10:37 +0100455 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
456 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700457
Paul Menage8bab8dd2008-04-04 14:29:57 -0700458 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
459 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
460 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
461
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700462 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
463 Format: { "0" | "1" }
464 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700465 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
466 any implied execute protection).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700467 1 -- check protection requested by application.
468 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700469 Value can be changed at runtime via
470 /selinux/checkreqprot.
471
Sebastian Ott661ca0d2008-01-26 14:10:36 +0100472 cio_ignore= [S390]
473 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
474
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700475 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
john stultz734efb42006-06-26 00:25:05 -0700476 [Deprecated]
Matt LaPlante3f6dee92006-10-03 22:45:33 +0200477 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
john stultz734efb42006-06-26 00:25:05 -0700478 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
Matt LaPlante3f6dee92006-10-03 22:45:33 +0200479 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700480 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
481
John Stultz592913e2010-07-13 17:56:20 -0700482 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
Randy Dunlap3d6ac982007-05-23 13:58:16 -0700483 Format: <string>
484 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
485 with the name specified.
486 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
487 the platform:
488 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
489 [ACPI] acpi_pm
490 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
491 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
492 [AVR32] avr32
Alok Kataria9863c902010-08-23 14:49:11 -0700493 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
Randy Dunlap3d6ac982007-05-23 13:58:16 -0700494 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
495 [MIPS] MIPS
496 [PARISC] cr16
497 [S390] tod
498 [SH] SuperH
499 [SPARC64] tick
500 [X86-64] hpet,tsc
501
Andi Kleenac72e782008-01-30 13:33:21 +0100502 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
503 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
Randy Dunlap07983f02009-01-06 14:42:41 -0800504 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
505 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
Andi Kleenac72e782008-01-30 13:33:21 +0100506 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
507 ones should be.
508 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
509 or using the feature without checking anything
510 will still see it. This just prevents it from
511 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
512 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
513 some critical bits.
514
Marek Szyprowskic64be2b2011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100515 cma=nn[MG] [ARM,KNL]
516 Sets the size of kernel global memory area for contiguous
517 memory allocations. For more information, see
518 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
519
Robert Jennings14f966e2009-04-15 05:55:32 +0000520 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
521 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
522 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
523 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
524 a hypervisor.
525 Default: yes
526
Marek Szyprowskic7909502011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100527 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
528 Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
Marek Szyprowskie9da6e92012-07-30 09:11:33 +0200529 allocations, by default set to 256K.
Marek Szyprowskic7909502011-12-29 13:09:51 +0100530
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530531 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
Arjan van de Vena25bd942008-01-30 13:33:08 +0100532 in an oops report.
Chuck Ebbert86c41832007-02-13 13:26:25 +0100533 Range: 0 - 8192
534 Default: 64
535
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700536 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700537 Format:
538 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700539
540 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
541 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
542
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700543 com90xx= [HW,NET]
544 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700545 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
546
547 condev= [HW,S390] console device
548 conmode=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700549
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700550 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
551
552 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
553
554 ttyS<n>[,options]
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800555 ttyUSB0[,options]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700556 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800557 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
558 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
559 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
560 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700561
Randy Dunlapf1a1c2d2006-03-25 03:08:17 -0800562 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
563 information. See
564 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
565 alternative.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700566
Yinghai Lu18a8bd92007-07-15 23:37:59 -0700567 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
568 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700569 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
570 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
571 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
572 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
573
Samuel Thibaultf7511d52008-04-30 00:54:51 -0700574 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
575 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
576 console=brl,ttyS0
577 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
578
Daniel Mackf324edc2009-06-16 15:33:52 -0700579 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
580 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
581 disables the blank timer.
582
Hidehiro Kawai4cb0e112009-01-06 14:42:47 -0800583 coredump_filter=
584 [KNL] Change the default value for
585 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
586 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
587
Len Brown62027ae2011-04-01 18:13:10 -0400588 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
589 disable the cpuidle sub-system
590
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700591 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700592 Format:
593 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700594
Ahmed S. Darwish6f21e642011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800595 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
596 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
597 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
598 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
599 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
600 is selected automatically. Check
601 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
Eric W. Biedermandc009d92005-06-25 14:57:52 -0700602
Bernhard Wallefb391592007-10-18 23:41:02 -0700603 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
604 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
605 in the running system. The syntax of range is
606 start-[end] where start and end are both
607 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
Ahmed S. Darwish6f21e642011-02-20 20:08:35 -0800608 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
Bernhard Wallefb391592007-10-18 23:41:02 -0700609
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700610 cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
611 Format: <dma>
612
613 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
614 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700615
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700616 dasd= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700617 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
618
619 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
620 (one device per port)
621 Format: <port#>,<type>
622 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
623
Thomas Renningera648ec02010-08-06 16:11:02 +0200624 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
625 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
Jim Cromie29e36c92012-04-27 14:30:41 -0600626 details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
Thomas Renningera648ec02010-08-06 16:11:02 +0200627
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700628 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
629
Ingo Molnarcae2ed92006-07-03 00:24:48 -0700630 debug_locks_verbose=
631 [KNL] verbose self-tests
632 Format=<0|1>
633 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
634 self-tests.
635 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
636 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
637 only useful to kernel developers.
638
Thomas Gleixner3ac7fe52008-04-30 00:55:01 -0700639 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
640
Kyle McMartin3e8ebb52009-03-01 20:41:41 -0500641 no_debug_objects
642 [KNL] Disable object debugging
643
Stanislaw Gruszkac0a32fc2012-01-10 15:07:28 -0800644 debug_guardpage_minorder=
645 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
646 parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
647 be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
648 buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
649 of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
650 amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
651 possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
652 to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
653 memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
654 driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
655 random memory location. Note that there exists a class
656 of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
657 F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
658 memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
659 bypassed) which are not detectable by
660 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
661 tracking down these problems.
662
Thomas Gleixnerd3af01f2008-07-15 15:04:56 +0200663 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
664
Robert P. J. Day2d27a962008-02-03 15:18:45 +0200665 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700666 Format: <area>[,<node>]
667 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
668
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700669 default_hugepagesz=
670 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
671 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
672 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
673 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
674 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
675 if not specified.
Antonino A. Daplas55ff9782007-05-08 00:38:53 -0700676
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700677 dhash_entries= [KNL]
678 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700679
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700680 digi= [HW,SERIAL]
681 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
682
683 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
684 See drivers/char/README.epca and
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +0000685 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700686
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800687 disable= [IPV6]
688 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
689
Nishanth Aravamudan4e8b0cf2011-02-10 09:10:47 +0000690 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
691 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
692 to workaround buggy firmware.
693
Brian Haleyb0f83b22010-02-04 13:36:50 -0800694 disable_ipv6= [IPV6]
695 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
696
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700697 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700698 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
699 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700700 entry later. This parameter disables that.
Yinghai Lu95ffa242008-04-29 03:52:33 -0700701
Yinghai Lu093af8d2008-01-30 13:33:32 +0100702 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
Jesse Barnes99fc8d42008-01-30 13:33:18 +0100703 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
704 memory out of your available memory pool based on
705 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
706 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
707
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530708 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700709 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
710 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
711
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700712 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
713 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
714
715 dma_debug_entries=<number>
716 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
717 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
718 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
719 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
720 architectural default is too low.
721
Joerg Roedel1745de52009-05-22 21:49:51 +0200722 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
723 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
724 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
725 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
726 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
727 driver later using sysfs.
728
Carsten Emdeda0df922012-03-18 22:37:33 +0100729 drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>
730 Broken monitors, graphic adapters and KVMs may
731 send no or incorrect EDID data sets. This parameter
732 allows to specify an EDID data set in the
733 /lib/firmware directory that is used instead.
734 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
735 edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
736 edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
737 and no file with the same name exists. Details and
738 instructions how to build your own EDID data are
739 available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID
740 data set will only be used for a particular connector,
741 if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
742 name.
743
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700744 dscc4.setup= [NET]
745
Jim Cromie29e36c92012-04-27 14:30:41 -0600746 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
747 module.dyndbg[="val"]
748 Enable debug messages at boot time. See
749 Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details.
750
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700751 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
752 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
753 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
Samium Gromoff1917ac72010-07-20 15:26:51 -0700754 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700755 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
756 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -0700757 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
758 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32).
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700759 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
760
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +0530761 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700762 earlyprintk=vga
763 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
Jason Wesselea3acb12009-09-24 09:08:30 -0500764 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
Jason Wessel9780bc42009-08-20 15:39:57 -0500765 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700766
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700767 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700768 takes over.
769
Yinghai Lu5c059172008-07-24 17:29:40 -0700770 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700771
772 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
773
774 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
775 very good.
776
777 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
778 console.
779
Jason Wessel97311912010-05-20 21:04:30 -0500780 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
781 ekgdboc=kbd
782
Lucas De Marchi25985ed2011-03-30 22:57:33 -0300783 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
Jason Wessel97311912010-05-20 21:04:30 -0500784 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
785
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700786 edd= [EDD]
Tim Gardner8c4dd602008-04-29 01:02:45 -0700787 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700788
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700789 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
790 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
791
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -0700792 elanfreq= [X86-32]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700793 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
Pavel Machek71f77052008-07-04 09:59:43 -0700794 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700795
796 elevator= [IOSCHED]
Randy Dunlap17a9e7b2010-11-11 12:09:59 +0100797 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200798 See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700799 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
800
Michael Holzheud3bf37952011-10-30 15:16:37 +0100801 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700802 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
Michael Holzheud3bf37952011-10-30 15:16:37 +0100803 image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
804 kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
Vivek Goyalaac04b32006-01-09 20:51:47 -0800805 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700806
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700807 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
808 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
809 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
810 entry later. This parameter enables that.
811
Randy Dunlapca1eda22009-05-06 16:02:58 -0700812 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700813 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
814 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
815 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
816 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
817
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700818 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
819 Format: {"0" | "1"}
820 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
821 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
822 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
823 Default value is 0.
824 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
825
Huang Yinga08f82d2010-05-18 14:35:21 +0800826 erst_disable [ACPI]
827 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
828 support.
829
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700830 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
831 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
832 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
833
Mimi Zohar7102ebc2011-05-12 18:33:20 -0400834 evm= [EVM]
835 Format: { "fix" }
836 Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
837 current integrity status.
838
Akinobu Mitade1ba092006-12-08 02:39:42 -0800839 failslab=
840 fail_page_alloc=
841 fail_make_request=[KNL]
842 General fault injection mechanism.
843 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +0200844 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
Akinobu Mitade1ba092006-12-08 02:39:42 -0800845
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700846 floppy= [HW]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +0000847 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700848
Alex Chiangf13ae302008-05-08 14:03:23 -0600849 force_pal_cache_flush
850 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
851 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
852 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
853 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
854
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +0100855 ftrace=[tracer]
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -0400856 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +0100857 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
858 boot debugging.
859
Frederic Weisbeckercecbca92010-04-18 19:08:41 +0200860 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -0400861 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
Frederic Weisbeckercecbca92010-04-18 19:08:41 +0200862 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
863 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
864 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
865 oops.
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -0400866
867 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
868 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
869 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
870 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
871 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -0700872 tracing directory.
Steven Rostedt2af15d62009-05-28 13:37:24 -0400873
874 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
875 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
876 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
877 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
878 tracing directory.
Peter Zijlstrad9e54072008-11-01 19:57:37 +0100879
Stefan Assmann369bc182009-10-12 22:17:21 +0200880 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
881 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
882 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
883 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
884 that can be changed at run time by the
885 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
886
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700887 gamecon.map[2|3]=
888 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
889 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
890 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
891 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
892
893 gamma= [HW,DRM]
894
Yinghai Luaaf23042008-01-30 13:33:09 +0100895 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
896 Format: off | on
897 default: on
898
Peter Oberparleiter2521f2c2009-06-17 16:28:08 -0700899 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
900 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
901 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
902 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
903 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
904
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700905 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
906 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
907
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700908 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
909 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -0700910 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -0700911 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700912
913 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
914
915 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
916 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
917
Huang Yingea8c0712010-05-18 14:35:15 +0800918 hest_disable [ACPI]
919 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
920 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
921 logic will be disabled.
922
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700923 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
924 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
925 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
926 size on bigger boxes.
927
Thomas Gleixner54cdfdb2007-02-16 01:28:11 -0800928 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
929 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
930 Default: "on"
931
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700932 hisax= [HW,ISDN]
933 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
934
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -0700935 hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH]
936
937 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
938 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
939 verbose }
940 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
941 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
942 VIA, nVidia)
943 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
944
Andi Kleenb4718e62008-07-23 21:27:51 -0700945 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
946 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
Jon Tollefson0d9ea752008-07-23 21:27:56 -0700947 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
948 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
949 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
950 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
951 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
Andi Kleenb4718e62008-07-23 21:27:51 -0700952 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
953 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +0900954
Hendrik Brueckner555d61d2009-01-09 12:15:02 +0100955 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
956 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
Hendrik Brueckner431429f2009-03-26 15:23:55 +0100957 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
958 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
959 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
Hendrik Bruecknercef71252008-12-25 13:39:55 +0100960
Fabio M. Di Nitto7bf69392011-03-22 16:34:20 -0700961 keep_bootcon [KNL]
962 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
963 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
964 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
965 the real console.
966
Jarkko Nikula3a853fb2009-03-23 18:07:47 -0700967 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
Jarkko Nikula79547632009-03-23 18:07:48 -0700968 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
969 registered from board initialization code.
Jarkko Nikula3a853fb2009-03-23 18:07:47 -0700970 Format:
971 <bus_id>,<clkrate>
972
Jiri Kosina36d95732008-10-06 02:51:09 -0400973 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700974 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
Matt LaPlante84eb8d02006-10-03 22:53:09 +0200975 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
976 keyboard and cannot control its state
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700977 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
978 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
Dmitry Torokhov945ef0d2005-09-04 01:42:00 -0500979 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
Jiri Kosina75d08c72008-03-13 16:13:59 -0400980 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
981 for the AUX port
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700982 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
983 controller
984 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
985 controllers
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +0900986 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700987 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
988 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
989
990 i810= [HW,DRM]
991
Dmitry Torokhove70c9d52005-06-25 14:54:25 -0700992 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
993 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
994 hardware.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -0700995 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
996 does not match list of supported models.
997 i8k.power_status
998 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
999 (disabled by default)
1000 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
1001 capability is set.
1002
Carsten Emde4dca20e2012-03-15 15:56:26 +01001003 i915.invert_brightness=
Carsten Emde7bd90902012-03-15 15:56:25 +01001004 [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
1005 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
Carsten Emde4dca20e2012-03-15 15:56:26 +01001006 brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
1007 and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
1008 to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
1009 (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
1010 is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
1011 to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
1012 value switches the backlight off.
1013 -1 -- never invert brightness
1014 0 -- machine default
1015 1 -- force brightness inversion
Carsten Emde7bd90902012-03-15 15:56:25 +01001016
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001017 icn= [HW,ISDN]
1018 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
1019
David Fries0af80c02009-02-25 20:28:21 +01001020 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1021 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz075affc2009-06-07 13:52:52 +02001022 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
1023 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
Randy Dunlap1c10e932008-03-07 21:53:50 +01001024 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001025
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001026 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1027 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
1028
Andi Kleenf039b752007-05-02 19:27:12 +02001029 idle= [X86]
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001030 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
1031 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
1032 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
1033 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
1034 Not recommended.
1035 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
1036 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
1037 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
1038 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
1039 the same as idle=poll.
1040 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
Zhao Yakuic1e3b372008-06-24 17:58:53 +08001041 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001042 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001043
Ingo Molnar792908222006-12-06 20:40:51 -08001044 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
1045 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
1046 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
Yanmin Zhang0eca6b72011-10-31 17:11:25 -07001047 We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
1048 could change it dynamically, usually by
1049 /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
Ingo Molnar792908222006-12-06 20:40:51 -08001050
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001051 ihash_entries= [KNL]
1052 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
1053
Mimi Zohar2fe5d6d2012-02-13 10:15:05 -05001054 ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements
1055 Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" }
1056 default: "enforce"
1057
Mimi Zohar07f6a792011-03-09 22:25:48 -05001058 ima_appraise_tcb [IMA]
1059 The builtin appraise policy appraises all files
1060 owned by uid=0.
1061
Mimi Zohar3323eec92009-02-04 09:06:58 -05001062 ima_audit= [IMA]
1063 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1064 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
1065 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
1066
1067 ima_hash= [IMA]
Stephen Hemmingera9ed83a2009-09-17 14:14:45 -07001068 Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
Mimi Zohar3323eec92009-02-04 09:06:58 -05001069 default: "sha1"
1070
Eric Paris5789ba32009-05-21 15:47:06 -04001071 ima_tcb [IMA]
1072 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
1073 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
1074 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1075 opened for read by uid=0.
1076
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001077 init= [KNL]
1078 Format: <full_path>
1079 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
1080 process.
1081
1082 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
1083 for working out where the kernel is dying during
1084 startup.
1085
1086 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
1087
1088 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
1089 Format: <irq>
1090
Keshavamurthy, Anil Sba395922007-10-21 16:41:49 -07001091 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
Kyle McMartin0cd5c3c2009-02-04 14:29:19 -08001092 on
1093 Enable intel iommu driver.
Keshavamurthy, Anil Sba395922007-10-21 16:41:49 -07001094 off
1095 Disable intel iommu driver.
1096 igfx_off [Default Off]
1097 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
1098 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
1099 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
1100 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
1101 DMA.
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001102 forcedac [x86_64]
1103 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001104 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001105 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001106 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
1107 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
Keshavamurthy, Anil S7d3b03c2007-10-21 16:41:53 -07001108 then look in the higher range.
mark gross5e0d2a62008-03-04 15:22:08 -08001109 strict [Default Off]
1110 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1111 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1112 to batching them for performance.
Youquan Song6dd9a7c2011-05-25 19:13:49 +01001113 sp_off [Default Off]
1114 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
1115 has the capability. With this option, super page will
1116 not be supported.
Masanari Iida2e92c7a2011-12-15 01:18:52 +09001117
1118 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
1119 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
1120 1 to 6 specify maximum depth of C-state.
1121
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001122 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001123 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
1124 off disable Interrupt Remapping
1125 nosid disable Source ID checking
Suresh Siddha41750d32011-08-23 17:05:18 -07001126 no_x2apic_optout
1127 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001128
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001129 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1130 strict regions from userspace.
1131 relaxed
1132
1133 iommu= [x86]
1134 off
1135 force
1136 noforce
1137 biomerge
1138 panic
1139 nopanic
1140 merge
1141 nomerge
1142 forcesac
1143 soft
Alex Williamsonbcb71ab2011-10-21 15:56:24 -04001144 pt [x86, IA-64]
Alex Williamsonbcb71ab2011-10-21 15:56:24 -04001145
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001146
1147 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1148 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1149 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1150
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301151 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
Ingo Molnar6e7c4022008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001152 0x80
1153 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1154 0xed
1155 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
Rene Hermanb02aae92008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001156 udelay
Ingo Molnar6e7c4022008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001157 Simple two microseconds delay
1158 none
1159 No delay
Rene Hermanb02aae92008-01-30 13:30:05 +01001160
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001161 ip= [IP_PNP]
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04001162 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001163
1164 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -07001165 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1166 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001167
Alan Cox200803d2005-06-28 20:45:18 -07001168 irqfixup [HW]
1169 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1170 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1171 firmware running.
1172
1173 irqpoll [HW]
1174 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1175 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1176 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1177 firmware running.
1178
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001179 isapnp= [ISAPNP]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001180 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001181
1182 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
Derek Fults22f2e282006-12-06 20:37:11 -08001183 Format:
1184 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1185 or
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001186 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1187 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
Derek Fults22f2e282006-12-06 20:37:11 -08001188 or a mixture
1189 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001190
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001191 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1192 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
Li Zefanb225d442008-11-06 12:53:39 -08001193 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1194 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001195 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1196 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1197
1198 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001199 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1200 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1201 suboptimal load balancer performance.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001202
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001203 iucv= [HW,NET]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001204
1205 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1206 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1207
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001208 keepinitrd [HW,ARM]
1209
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301210 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
Mel Gormaned7ed362007-07-17 04:03:14 -07001211 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1212 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1213 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1214 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1215 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1216 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1217 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1218 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1219 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1220 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1221 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1222 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1223 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1224 zone if it does not.
1225
Jason Wessel4fe1da42010-05-20 21:04:31 -05001226 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1227 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1228 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1229 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1230 optional and is the number seconds in between
1231 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1232 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1233 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1234 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1235 the kernel debugger.
1236
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001237 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
Jason Wesselada64e42010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001238 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1239 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
Jason Wessel65b5ac12010-08-05 09:22:33 -05001240 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1241 keyboard only format: kbd
1242 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1243 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1244 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1245 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
Jason Wessel6cdf6e02008-04-17 20:05:38 +02001246
Jason Wessel84c08fd2010-05-20 21:04:24 -05001247 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1248 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1249
Florian Fainelli9bed90c62008-08-23 18:54:37 +02001250 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1251 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1252 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1253
Catalin Marinas04f70332009-06-11 13:22:39 +01001254 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1255 Valid arguments: on, off
1256 Default: on
1257
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301258 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001259 in oops dumps.
1260
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001261 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1262 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1263
Xiao Guangronga182d872010-09-20 22:17:48 +08001264 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1265 KVM MMU at runtime.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001266 Default is 0 (off)
1267
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001268 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
Xiao Guangrong8475f942010-09-20 22:16:45 +08001269 Default is 1 (enabled)
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001270
1271 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1272 for all guests.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001273 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001274
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001275 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1276 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1277 Default is 1 (enabled)
1278
1279 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1280 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1281 Default is 0 (disabled)
1282
1283 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1284 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1285 Default is 1 (enabled)
1286
Sasha Levine1a72ae2011-08-09 14:28:35 +03001287 kvm-intel.nested=
1288 [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
1289 Default is 0 (disabled)
1290
Andre Przywarafef07aa2009-07-10 14:20:35 +02001291 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1292 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1293 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1294 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1295
1296 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1297 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1298 Default is 1 (enabled)
1299
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001300 l2cr= [PPC]
1301
Robert Brosea78bfbf2008-03-29 07:20:23 +11001302 l3cr= [PPC]
1303
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001304 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001305 disabled it.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001306
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301307 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08001308 in C2 power state.
Thomas Gleixnere585bef2007-03-23 16:08:01 +01001309
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001310 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1311 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1312 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1313 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001314 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001315 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1316 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001317
Michael Prokop20308872009-08-06 00:14:10 +02001318 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1319 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1320 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
FD Camifcb71f62008-01-06 19:08:56 +01001321
Dave Jones78e70c22007-09-27 11:50:13 -04001322 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1323 when set.
1324 Format: <int>
1325
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09001326 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1327 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
Roman Fietze4c44f302010-04-21 12:17:12 +02001328 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09001329 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1330 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1331 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1332 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1333 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1334
1335 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1336 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1337 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1338 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1339 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1340 host link and device attached to it.
1341
1342 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1343 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1344 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1345 The following configurations can be forced.
1346
1347 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1348 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1349
1350 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1351
1352 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1353 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1354 allowed.
1355
1356 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1357
Tejun Heo05944bd2008-08-13 20:19:09 +09001358 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1359 and both resets.
1360
Dan Williamsca6d43b2012-06-21 23:41:41 -07001361 * rstonce: only attempt one reset during
1362 hot-unplug link recovery
1363
Tejun Heo43c9c592010-05-23 12:59:11 +02001364 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1365
Tejun Heo33267322008-02-13 09:15:09 +09001366 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1367 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1368
Yinghai Lu95f72d12010-07-12 14:36:09 +10001369 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
Randy Dunlap7c4be2532009-01-06 14:42:44 -08001370
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001371 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00001372 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001373
Randy Dunlapa6b25b62006-01-14 13:21:19 -08001374 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1375 Format: <integer>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001376
Randy Dunlapa6b25b62006-01-14 13:21:19 -08001377 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1378 Format: <integer>
1379
1380 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1381 Format: <integer>
1382
1383 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1384 Format: <integer>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001385
1386 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1387 Format: <irq>
1388
1389 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1390 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1391 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1392 loglevels are defined as follows:
1393
1394 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1395 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1396 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1397 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1398 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1399 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1400 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1401 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1402
Randy Dunlapc756d082011-02-20 20:08:35 -08001403 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
1404 in bytes. n must be a power of two. The default
1405 size is set in the kernel config file.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001406
Randy Dunlapaccaa242007-10-16 01:29:37 -07001407 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1408 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1409 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1410 kernel boot problems.
1411
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001412 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1413 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1414 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1415 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1416 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1417 attached printers to be reset. Using
1418 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1419 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1420 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1421 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1422 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1423 port specification list means that device IDs
1424 from each port should be examined, to see if
1425 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1426 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1427 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1428
1429 lpj=n [KNL]
1430 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1431 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1432 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1433 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1434 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1435 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1436 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1437 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1438 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1439 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1440 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1441 hardware.
1442
1443 ltpc= [NET]
1444 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1445
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001446 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001447 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1448 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001449
Wu Zhangjin3209e702009-07-02 23:27:12 +08001450 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
1451 yeeloong laptop.
1452 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
1453
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001454 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1455 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001456
1457 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
Len Brown61ec7562007-08-16 03:34:22 -04001458 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1459 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1460 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1461 the IO APIC.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001462
Kay Sieversd134b002011-07-31 22:08:04 +02001463 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
1464 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
1465 number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
1466 of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
1467 devices can be requested on-demand with the
1468 /dev/loop-control interface.
Bob Picco2b2c3752005-06-29 18:00:00 -07001469
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001470 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001471
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -07001472 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
Andi Kleen909dd322007-10-17 18:04:38 +02001473
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001474 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1475 See Documentation/md.txt.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001476
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001477 mdacon= [MDA]
1478 Format: <first>,<last>
1479 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001480
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001481 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1482 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1483 to see the whole system memory or for test.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001484 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001485 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1486 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1487
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001488 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001489 memory.
1490
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09001491 memchunk=nn[KMG]
1492 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1493 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1494
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301495 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001496 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1497 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1498 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1499 option description.
1500
1501 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1502 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1503 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1504
1505 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1506 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1507 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1508
1509 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1510 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1511 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
Pavel Machek13128482008-03-24 12:29:43 -07001512 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1513 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1514 or
1515 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001516
Jeremy Fitzhardinge9f077872008-09-07 01:51:34 -07001517 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1518 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1519 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1520 Setting this option will scan the memory
1521 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1522 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1523 from using the memory being corrupted.
1524 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1525 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1526 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1527 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1528
1529 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1530 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1531 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1532 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1533 corruption in more or less memory.
1534
1535 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1536 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1537 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1538 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1539
Yinghai Lucaadbdc2008-07-15 00:03:44 -07001540 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07001541 Format: <integer>
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07001542 default : 0 <disable>
Andreas Herrmann9e5f6cf2009-02-25 11:30:45 +01001543 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1544 performed. Each pass selects another test
1545 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1546 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1547 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1548 regions that are detected.
Yinghai Luc64df702008-03-21 18:56:19 -07001549
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001550 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1551 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1552
Andres Salomon8f368812007-10-12 23:04:06 +02001553 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1554 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1555 platforms.
1556
Willy Tarreaue6c4dc62008-01-30 13:33:33 +01001557 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1558 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1559 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1560 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1561
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001562 mga= [HW,DRM]
1563
Randy Dunlap1c207f92008-11-19 15:36:16 -08001564 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1565 physical address is ignored.
1566
Michel Pollet39f45d72009-05-20 11:10:31 +01001567 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
1568 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
1569 Default: "0tb"
1570 MINI2440 configuration specification:
1571 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
1572 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
1573 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
1574 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
1575 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
1576 unconfigured.
1577 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
1578 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
1579 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
1580 VGA shield.
1581 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
1582 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
1583 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
1584 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
1585 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
1586 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
1587
Mel Gorman6b74ab92008-07-23 21:26:49 -07001588 mminit_loglevel=
1589 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1590 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1591 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1592 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1593 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1594 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1595
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001596 mousedev.tap_time=
1597 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1598 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1599 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1600 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1601 Format: <msecs>
1602 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1603 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1604 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1605 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1606
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301607 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001608 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1609 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1610 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1611 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1612 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1613 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1614 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1615 is not too small.
1616
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001617 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1618 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1619
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001620 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1621 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001622
1623 mtdparts= [MTD]
Randy Dunlapc8facbb2007-07-31 00:37:40 -07001624 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001625
Will Schmidt4e89a2d2010-09-28 15:33:12 +00001626 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
1627 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
1628 at a time.
1629
Rohit Hagargundgi5988af22009-05-12 13:46:57 -07001630 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
1631
1632 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
1633
1634 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
1635 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
1636 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
1637 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
1638 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
1639
Ben Dooks9db829f2008-07-03 11:24:29 +01001640 mtdset= [ARM]
1641 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1642
1643 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1644
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001645 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001646 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1647 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001648
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001649 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
Matt LaPlante19f59462009-04-27 15:06:31 +02001650 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001651 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1652
1653 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1654 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1655 Default is 1.
1656 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1657 using up MTRRs.
1658
1659 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1660 Format: <integer>
1661 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1662 Default : 1
1663 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1664 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1665
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001666 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1667
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001668 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1669 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1670 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1671 something different and driver-specific.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001672 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1673 file if at all.
1674
Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki58401572008-07-21 10:01:34 -07001675 nf_conntrack.acct=
1676 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1677 0 to disable accounting
1678 1 to enable accounting
Tim Gardnerd70a0112010-06-25 14:46:56 +02001679 Default value is 0.
Krzysztof Piotr Oledzki58401572008-07-21 10:01:34 -07001680
Chuck Lever306a0752010-09-17 10:54:37 -04001681 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04001682 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001683
1684 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
J. Bruce Fieldsdc7a0812009-10-27 14:41:35 -04001685 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001686
Chuck Lever306a0752010-09-17 10:54:37 -04001687 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
1688 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1689
Trond Myklebusta72b4422006-01-03 09:55:41 +01001690 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1691 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1692 channel should listen.
1693
Trond Myklebuste571cbf2009-08-19 18:12:27 -04001694 nfs.cache_getent=
1695 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
1696 to update the NFS client cache entries.
1697
1698 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
1699 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
1700 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
1701
Trond Myklebust58df0952006-01-03 09:55:57 +01001702 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1703 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1704 entries.
1705
Trond Myklebustf43bf0b2007-10-09 12:01:04 -04001706 nfs.enable_ino64=
1707 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1708 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1709 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1710 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1711 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1712
Trond Myklebustef159e92012-02-06 19:50:40 -05001713 nfs.max_session_slots=
1714 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
1715 the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
1716 This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
1717 that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
1718 Note that there is little point in setting this
1719 value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
1720
Trond Myklebustb064eca22011-02-22 15:44:32 -08001721 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
Trond Myklebust074b1d12012-01-09 13:46:26 -05001722 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
1723 ensures that both the RPC level authentication
1724 scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
1725 numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
1726 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
1727 disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
1728 legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
1729 Servers that do not support this mode of operation
1730 will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
1731 back to using the idmapper.
1732 To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
Trond Myklebustb064eca22011-02-22 15:44:32 -08001733
Weston Andros Adamsondb8ac8b2012-02-17 15:20:24 -05001734 nfs.send_implementation_id =
1735 [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
1736 information in exchange_id requests.
1737 If zero, no implementation identification information
1738 will be sent.
1739 The default is to send the implementation identification
1740 information.
1741
J. Bruce Fieldse9541ce2012-03-22 16:07:18 -04001742 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
1743 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
1744 server will return only numeric uids and gids to
1745 clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
1746 and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
1747 migration from NFSv2/v3.
Weston Andros Adamsondb8ac8b2012-02-17 15:20:24 -05001748
Sachin Bhamare18d98f62012-03-19 20:47:58 -07001749 objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog=
1750 [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which
1751 is used to automatically discover and login into new
1752 osd-targets. Please see:
1753 Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations
1754
Paul Mundt1e1030d2009-09-01 17:38:32 +09001755 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
Haavard Skinnemoene7ba1762007-10-10 14:58:29 +02001756 when a NMI is triggered.
1757 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1758
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301759 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
Don Zickusfef2c9b2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07001760 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
Don Zickus5dc30552010-11-29 17:07:17 -05001761 Valid num: 0
Cyrill Gorcunov5b9a0e12008-11-01 18:06:51 +03001762 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001763 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
Don Zickusfef2c9b2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07001764 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
1765 default).
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001766 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1767 need the box quickly up again.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001768
Anton Vorontsovbff38772009-07-08 11:10:56 -07001769 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
1770 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
1771 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
1772 waits 4 seconds.
1773
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001774 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001775 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1776 is present.
1777
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001778 no_console_suspend
1779 [HW] Never suspend the console
1780 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1781 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1782 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1783 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1784 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1785 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1786 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
Yanmin Zhang134620f2011-10-31 17:11:27 -07001787 To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
1788 console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
1789 it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
1790 /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
1791 turn on/off it dynamically.
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001792
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07001793 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1794 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1795 but will impact performance.
Paul Menage3395ee02006-12-06 20:32:16 -08001796
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001797 noalign [KNL,ARM]
1798
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001799 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1800 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1801
Mike Galbraith5091faa2010-11-30 14:18:03 +01001802 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
1803
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001804 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1805 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1806
1807 nocache [ARM]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001808
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001809 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1810
Shailabh Nagar163ecdf2006-07-30 03:03:11 -07001811 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1812
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001813 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1814
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09001815 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1816
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301817 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
Huang, Ying8b2cb7a2008-01-30 13:32:11 +01001818
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001819 noexec [IA-64]
1820
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301821 noexec [X86]
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02001822 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001823 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02001824 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1825
H. Peter Anvin52b61792012-09-21 12:43:13 -07001826 nosmap [X86]
1827 Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
1828 even if it is supported by processor.
1829
Fenghua Yude5397a2011-05-11 16:51:05 -07001830 nosmep [X86]
H. Peter Anvin52b61792012-09-21 12:43:13 -07001831 Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
Fenghua Yude5397a2011-05-11 16:51:05 -07001832 even if it is supported by processor.
1833
Jiri Slabyf5a1b192008-04-12 10:28:25 +02001834 noexec32 [X86-64]
1835 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1836 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1837 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1838 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1839 read implies executable mappings
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001840
Paul Mundt6902aa82008-09-21 17:14:42 +09001841 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1842
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001843 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
Chuck Ebbert4f886512006-03-23 02:59:34 -08001844 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1845 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001846
Suresh Siddha0c752a92009-05-22 12:17:45 -07001847 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1848 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1849 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1850
Suresh Siddha5d2bd702012-09-06 14:58:52 -07001851 eagerfpu= [X86]
Suresh Siddhae0022982012-09-10 10:32:32 -07001852 on enable eager fpu restore
Suresh Siddha5d2bd702012-09-06 14:58:52 -07001853 off disable eager fpu restore
Suresh Siddhae0022982012-09-10 10:32:32 -07001854 auto selects the default scheme, which automatically
1855 enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
Suresh Siddha5d2bd702012-09-06 14:58:52 -07001856
Paulius Zaleckas01a24d22009-03-31 13:55:44 +01001857 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1858 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1859 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001860
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001861 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001862 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1863 use it.
1864
Serge E. Hallyn1f29fae2008-11-05 16:08:52 -06001865 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1866 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1867 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1868
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001869 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1870 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1871 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1872 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1873 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1874 real-time systems.
1875
Thomas Gleixner79bf2bb2007-02-16 01:28:03 -08001876 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1877 Valid arguments: on, off
1878 Default: on
1879
Paul Mundteeee7852009-04-02 12:31:16 +09001880 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1881
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001882 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001883 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1884
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05301885 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
Zachary Amsden8542b202006-12-07 02:14:09 +01001886 broken timer IRQ sources.
1887
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001888 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1889
1890 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1891 initial RAM disk.
1892
Weidong Han03ea8152009-04-17 16:42:15 +08001893 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1894 remapping.
Chris Wrightd1423d52010-07-20 11:06:49 -07001895 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
Weidong Han03ea8152009-04-17 16:42:15 +08001896
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001897 nointroute [IA-64]
1898
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001899 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
Tony Luck0aa366f2007-07-20 11:22:30 -07001900
Jiri Kosina9cf4c4f2010-08-16 17:51:20 +02001901 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
1902
Gleb Natapovfd10cde2010-10-14 11:22:51 +02001903 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
1904 fault handling.
1905
Glauber Costad910f5c2011-07-11 15:28:19 -04001906 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
1907 steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
1908 behaviour
1909
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001910 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001911
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001912 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
Thomas Gleixnerad62ca22007-03-22 00:11:21 -08001913
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001914 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1915 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1916
Horms312f1f02006-02-22 09:57:55 +09001917 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1918
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001919 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
Hormsabe37e52006-04-01 01:36:09 +02001920
Andres Salomon83d73842007-10-12 23:04:06 +02001921 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1922 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1923
Don Zickusbda62632011-10-13 15:14:27 -04001924 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
1925 shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
1926 irq.
1927
Dave Young02608be2012-02-01 10:33:14 +08001928 nomodule Disable module load
1929
Jiri Kosina016ddd92010-01-18 17:05:40 +01001930 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
1931 pagetables) support.
1932
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001933 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1934 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1935
Jiri Kosinabbff2162010-08-11 18:34:09 +02001936 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
Jeremy Fitzhardinge959b4fd2007-05-02 19:27:16 +02001937
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001938 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
Jeremy Fitzhardingeb7fb4af2007-05-02 19:27:13 +02001939 with UP alternatives
1940
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001941 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1942
H. Peter Anvin49d859d2011-07-31 14:02:19 -07001943 nordrand [X86] Disable the direct use of the RDRAND
1944 instruction even if it is supported by the
1945 processor. RDRAND is still available to user
1946 space applications.
1947
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001948 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1949 space.
1950
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001951 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1952 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1953 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1954
1955 nosbagart [IA-64]
1956
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001957 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
Chuck Ebbert4f886512006-03-23 02:59:34 -08001958
Len Brown61ec7562007-08-16 03:34:22 -04001959 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1960 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001961
Dave Jones97842212007-07-15 23:41:05 -07001962 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1963
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001964 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1965
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07001966 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001967
1968 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1969
Ben Hutchings55142372011-01-02 23:02:42 +00001970 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
Don Zickus58687ac2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04001971
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07001972 nowb [ARM]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07001973
Weidong Han2b2fd872009-04-17 16:42:12 +08001974 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1975
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07001976 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
Fenghua Yua6c75b862008-03-14 13:57:08 -07001977 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1978 SAL PALO.
1979
Yinghai Lu2b633e32010-02-10 01:20:37 -08001980 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1981 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
1982 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
1983 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
1984 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
1985
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07001986 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1987
KAMEZAWA Hiroyukif0c0b2b2007-07-15 23:38:01 -07001988 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1989 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1990 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1991 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1992
Randy Dunlap7c4be2532009-01-06 14:42:44 -08001993 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1994 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1995 info.
1996
Andres Salomon3ef0e1f2008-04-29 00:59:53 -07001997 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1998 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1999 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
2000 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
2001 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
2002 interrupts *may* be lost!
2003
Tony Lindgren15ac7af2009-12-11 16:16:32 -08002004 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
2005 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
2006 For example, to override I2C bus2:
2007 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
2008
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002009 oprofile.timer= [HW]
2010 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
2011
Robert Richter7e4e0bd2009-05-06 12:10:23 +02002012 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
2013 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
2014 userland or if you want common events.
Robert Richter8d7ff4f2009-06-23 11:48:14 +02002015 Format: { arch_perfmon }
2016 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
Robert Richter7e4e0bd2009-05-06 12:10:23 +02002017 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
2018 CPU specific event set.
Robert Richter159a80b2011-10-11 19:39:16 +02002019 timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
2020 timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
2021 for generic hr timer mode)
Andreas Krebbeldd3c4672011-11-25 20:03:05 +01002022 [s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
2023 (report cpu_type "timer")
Andi Kleen1dcdb5a2009-04-27 17:44:11 +02002024
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002025 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
2026 process, but there is a small probability of
2027 deadlocking the machine.
Olaf Heringd404ab02011-03-22 16:34:04 -07002028 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
2029 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
2030
Randy Dunlapbcfde332010-06-07 17:10:38 -07002031 OSS [HW,OSS]
2032 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
2033
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002034 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
Hugh Dickins4302fbc2011-07-26 16:08:52 -07002035 timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
2036 timeout = 0: wait forever
2037 timeout < 0: reboot immediately
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002038 Format: <timeout>
2039
2040 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
2041 connected to, default is 0.
2042 Format: <parport#>
2043 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
2044 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002045 Format: <mode>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002046
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002047 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
2048 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
2049 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
2050 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
2051 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
2052 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
2053 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
2054 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
2055 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
2056 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
2057 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
2058 are specified on the command line, starting
2059 with parport0.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002060
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002061 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
2062 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
2063 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
2064 computer where firmware has no options for setting
2065 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
2066 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002067 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
2068
Andrew Mortondd287792006-03-23 03:00:57 -08002069 pause_on_oops=
2070 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
2071 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
2072 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
2073
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002074 pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
2075
2076 pcd. [PARIDE]
2077 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002078 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002079
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002080 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
Bjorn Helgaas1cc0ca22009-01-14 10:04:36 -07002081 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
2082 changes anything
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002083 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002084 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002085 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
2086 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002087 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002088 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
2089 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
2090 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002091 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002092 Mechanism 1.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002093 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002094 Mechanism 2.
Randy Dunlap7f785762007-10-05 13:17:58 -07002095 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
2096 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2097 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
Jeff Garzik32a2eea2007-10-11 16:57:27 -04002098 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
2099 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302100 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
Bjorn Helgaas61be6d62006-02-15 15:17:43 -08002101 Configuration
Andreas Herrmann12983072009-06-07 16:15:16 +02002102 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
2103 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
2104 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
Matthew Wilcox309e57d2006-03-05 22:33:34 -07002105 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
2106 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2107 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
Stefan Assmanna9322f62008-06-11 16:35:14 +02002108 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
2109 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
2110 should never be necessary.
Stefan Assmann91979792008-06-11 16:35:15 +02002111 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
2112 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
2113 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
2114 when the system masks IRQs.
Stefan Assmann41b9eb22008-07-15 13:48:55 +02002115 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
2116 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
2117 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
2118 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002119 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002120 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
2121 on several machines and they hang the machine
2122 when used, but on other computers it's the only
2123 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
2124 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
2125 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
2126 motherboard.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002127 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002128 Use with caution as certain devices share
2129 address decoders between ROMs and other
2130 resources.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002131 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
Gary Hadebb71ad82008-05-12 13:57:46 -07002132 expansion ROMs that do not already have
2133 BIOS assigned address ranges.
Mike Habeck7bd1c362010-05-12 11:14:32 -07002134 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
2135 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002136 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002137 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
2138 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
2139 this way.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002140 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002141 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
2142 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
2143 F0000h-100000h range.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002144 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002145 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
2146 secondary buses and you want to tell it
2147 explicitly which ones they are.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002148 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002149 numbers ourselves, overriding
2150 whatever the firmware may have done.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002151 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002152 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
2153 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
2154 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
2155 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
2156 IRQ routing is enabled.
Andi Kleenc0115602008-08-22 09:53:39 +02002157 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002158 or for PCI scanning.
Bjorn Helgaas7bc5e3f2010-02-23 10:24:41 -07002159 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
2160 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
2161 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
2162 please report a bug.
2163 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
2164 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002165 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
2166 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
2167 so this option is a temporary workaround
2168 for broken drivers that don't call it.
Yinghai Lu13a6ddb2008-03-27 01:31:18 -07002169 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
2170 handle more pci cards
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002171 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
2172 just use the configuration from the
2173 bootloader. This is currently used on
2174 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
2175 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
Andi Kleen0637a702006-09-26 10:52:41 +02002176 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
2177 This might help on some broken boards which
2178 machine check when some devices' config space
2179 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
2180 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
Matt Domsch6b4b78f2006-09-29 15:23:23 -05002181 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2182 This sorting is done to get a device
2183 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
2184 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
Atsushi Nemoto4516a612007-02-05 16:36:06 -08002185 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2186 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
2187 The default value is 256 bytes.
2188 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2189 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
2190 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
Yuji Shimada32a9a6822009-03-16 17:13:39 +09002191 resource_alignment=
2192 Format:
2193 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
2194 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
2195 aligned memory resources.
2196 If <order of align> is not specified,
2197 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
2198 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
2199 windows need to be expanded.
Andrew Patterson43c16402009-04-22 16:52:09 -06002200 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
2201 end-to-end CRC checking).
2202 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
2203 the default.
2204 off: Turn ECRC off
2205 on: Turn ECRC on.
Yinghai Lub55438f2012-02-23 19:23:30 -08002206 realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
2207 if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
2208 accommodate resources required by all child
2209 devices.
2210 off: Turn realloc off
2211 on: Turn realloc on
2212 realloc same as realloc=on
Rafael J. Wysocki6748dcc2012-03-01 00:06:33 +01002213 noari do not use PCIe ARI.
Bjorn Helgaas284f5f92012-04-30 15:21:02 -06002214 pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
2215 only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
2216 port.
Matt Domsch6b4b78f2006-09-29 15:23:23 -05002217
Chuck Ebberte5665a42008-09-24 20:40:34 -04002218 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
2219 Management.
2220 off Disable ASPM.
2221 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
2222 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
2223
MUNEDA Takahiro7570a332012-02-02 11:09:22 -05002224 pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
2225 nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
2226 makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
2227
Rafael J. Wysocki79dd9182010-08-21 01:51:44 +02002228 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
Rafael J. Wysocki28eb5f22010-08-21 22:02:38 +02002229 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
2230 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
2231 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
2232 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
2233 unconditionally.
Rafael J. Wysocki79dd9182010-08-21 01:51:44 +02002234 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
2235 ports driver.
2236
Rafael J. Wysockic7f48652010-02-17 23:39:08 +01002237 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
Rafael J. Wysockic39fae12010-02-17 23:40:07 +01002238 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
Rafael J. Wysocki28eb5f22010-08-21 22:02:38 +02002239 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
Rafael J. Wysockic7f48652010-02-17 23:39:08 +01002240
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002241 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
2242
2243 pd. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002244 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002245
2246 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
2247 boot time.
2248 Format: { 0 | 1 }
2249 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
2250
Tejun Heof58dc012009-08-14 15:00:50 +09002251 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
Tejun Heoe933a732009-08-14 15:00:53 +09002252 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
2253 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
2254 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
2255 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
2256 and performance comparison.
Tejun Heofa8a7092009-06-22 11:56:24 +09002257
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002258 pf. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002259 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002260
2261 pg. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002262 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002263
2264 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
Uwe Hermann71cced62008-10-20 09:32:21 -07002265 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002266
2267 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
2268 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
2269 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
2270
Randy Dunlap16290242011-08-13 12:34:52 -07002271 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
Thomas Gleixnerde32a242008-07-12 05:33:30 +02002272 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
2273 e.g. pmtmr=0x508
2274
Bjorn Helgaas96242112011-08-11 12:14:05 -06002275 pnp.debug=1 [PNP]
2276 Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
2277 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
2278 via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
2279 current resource usage; turning this on also shows
2280 possible settings and some assignment information.
Bjorn Helgaas97ef0622008-08-19 16:53:41 -06002281
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002282 pnpacpi= [ACPI]
2283 { off }
2284
2285 pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
2286 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
2287
2288 pnp_reserve_irq=
2289 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
2290
2291 pnp_reserve_dma=
2292 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
2293
2294 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002295 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002296
2297 pnp_reserve_mem=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002298 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
2299 autoconfiguration.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002300 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
2301
Randy Dunlap4af94f32009-04-17 18:30:28 -07002302 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
2303 Default is 21.
2304 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
2305 may be specified.
2306 Format: <port>,<port>....
2307
Ingo Molnar45807a12007-07-15 23:40:10 -07002308 print-fatal-signals=
2309 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
Naohiro Ooiwaf84d49b2009-11-09 00:46:42 +09002310
2311 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
2312 related application anomalies: too many signals,
2313 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
2314 coredump - etc.
2315
2316 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
2317 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
2318
Ingo Molnar45807a12007-07-15 23:40:10 -07002319 default: off.
2320
Matthew Garrettc22ab332012-03-05 14:59:10 -08002321 printk.always_kmsg_dump=
2322 Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
2323 panics
2324 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2325 default: disabled
2326
Randy Dunlape84845c2007-07-15 23:40:25 -07002327 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
2328 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2329
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002330 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
2331 Limit processor to maximum C-state
2332 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
2333
2334 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
2335 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
2336 instead using the legacy FADT method
2337
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002338 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002339 Format: [schedule,]<number>
2340 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
2341 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
2342 statistical time based profiling.
Mel Gormanb3da2a72007-10-24 18:23:50 +02002343 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
2344 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
Dave Jonesc0fe2e62007-10-20 03:08:22 +02002345 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002346
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002347 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
2348 before loading.
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002349 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002350
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002351 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
2352 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002353 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
2354 per second.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002355 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
2356 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002357 (0 = never).
2358 psmouse.resolution=
2359 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
2360 psmouse.smartscroll=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002361 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002362 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
2363
Matthew Garrettdee28e72011-07-21 16:57:55 -04002364 pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
2365
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002366 pt. [PARIDE]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002367 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002368
Kay Sieversdc8c8582007-08-15 12:25:38 +02002369 pty.legacy_count=
2370 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
2371 default number.
2372
Randy Dunlap7d2c5022006-09-29 02:01:02 -07002373 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002374
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002375 r128= [HW,DRM]
2376
2377 raid= [HW,RAID]
2378 See Documentation/md.txt.
2379
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002380 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002381 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002382
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002383 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002384 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002385
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07002386 rcutree.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
Robert P. J. Day24aaef82008-02-03 15:20:26 +02002387 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
2388 in one batch.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08002389
Paul E. McKenneyf885b7f2012-04-23 15:52:53 -07002390 rcutree.fanout_leaf= [KNL,BOOT]
2391 Increase the number of CPUs assigned to each
2392 leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very large
2393 systems.
2394
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07002395 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
Robert P. J. Day24aaef82008-02-03 15:20:26 +02002396 Set threshold of queued
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08002397 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
2398
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07002399 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
Robert P. J. Day24aaef82008-02-03 15:20:26 +02002400 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
2401 batch limiting is re-enabled.
Dipankar Sarma21a1ea92006-03-07 21:55:33 -08002402
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07002403 rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL,BOOT]
2404 Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
2405
2406 rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL,BOOT]
2407 Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
2408
Paul E. McKenneyd40011f2012-06-26 20:45:57 -07002409 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
2410 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
2411 first attempt to force quiescent states.
2412 Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
2413 and maximum value is HZ.
2414
2415 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
2416 Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
2417 quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
2418 value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
2419
Paul E. McKenneydabb8aa2012-04-23 10:54:45 -07002420 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
2421 Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts.
2422
2423 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2424 Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts.
2425
2426 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
2427 Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts.
2428
2429 rcutorture.irqreader= [KNL,BOOT]
2430 Test RCU readers from irq handlers.
2431
2432 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL,BOOT]
2433 Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
2434
2435 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL,BOOT]
2436 Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
2437 stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
2438 test, hence the "fake".
2439
2440 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL,BOOT]
2441 Set number of RCU readers.
2442
2443 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2444 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
2445
2446 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2447 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
2448 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
2449
2450 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2451 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
2452 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
2453 during the rcutorture test.
2454
2455 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL,BOOT]
2456 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
2457 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
2458
2459 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL,BOOT]
2460 Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
2461 warnings, zero to disable.
2462
2463 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2464 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
2465
2466 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2467 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
2468
2469 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
2470 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
2471 five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
2472 wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
2473 ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
2474
2475 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL,BOOT]
2476 Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
2477 "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
2478 under test support RCU priority boosting.
2479
2480 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
2481 Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
2482
2483 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2484 Interval (s) between each boost test.
2485
2486 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL,BOOT]
2487 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
2488 rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
2489
2490 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL,BOOT]
2491 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
2492
2493 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL,BOOT]
2494 Enable additional printk() statements.
2495
Olof Johanssonffdfc402005-09-06 15:17:19 -07002496 rdinit= [KNL]
2497 Format: <full_path>
2498 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
2499 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2500
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002501 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002502 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
Randy Dunlapecb08d82009-01-06 14:42:44 -08002503 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002504
Paul Jackson46b6d942008-07-04 10:00:09 -07002505 relax_domain_level=
2506 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo21acb9c2009-02-04 10:12:08 +01002507 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
Paul Jackson46b6d942008-07-04 10:00:09 -07002508
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002509 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2510
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002511 reservetop= [X86-32]
Zachary Amsden461a9af2006-09-25 23:32:25 -07002512 Format: nn[KMG]
2513 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2514 address space.
2515
H. Peter Anvin9ea77bd2010-08-25 16:38:20 -07002516 reservelow= [X86]
2517 Format: nn[K]
2518 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
2519 the bottom of the address space.
2520
Vivek Goyal7e962872006-09-27 01:50:44 -07002521 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2522 during initialization.
2523
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002524 resume= [SWSUSP]
2525 Specify the partition device for software suspend
Minho Ban2df83fa2012-05-14 21:45:31 +02002526 Format:
2527 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002528
Rafael J. Wysockiecbd0da2006-12-06 20:34:13 -08002529 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2530 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2531 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2532 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2533 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2534
Barry Songf126f732011-10-10 23:38:41 +02002535 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2536 read the resume files
2537
Barry Song6f8d7022011-10-06 20:34:46 +02002538 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
2539 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2540 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2541
Bojan Smojverf996fc92010-09-09 23:06:23 +02002542 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
2543 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
2544 present during boot.
2545 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
2546
Michael Neuling0a7b35cb2007-02-10 01:44:33 -08002547 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2548
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002549 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2550 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2551
2552 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2553 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2554
2555 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2556
2557 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
Will Drewryf2d34fd2011-08-03 16:21:08 -07002558 See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002559
2560 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2561 mount the root filesystem
2562
2563 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2564
2565 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2566
Pierre Ossmancc1ed752007-07-15 23:40:35 -07002567 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2568 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2569 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2570
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002571 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2572
2573 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2574
2575 sa1100ir [NET]
2576 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2577
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002578 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002579
Mike Travisf6630112009-11-17 18:22:15 -06002580 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
2581
Mike Galbraith5307c952012-05-08 12:20:58 +02002582 skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
2583 xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
2584 contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
2585 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2586 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
2587 1 -- enable.
2588 Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
2589 enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
2590
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07002591 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2592 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2593 security module asking for security registration will be
2594 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2595 as if no module has been chosen.
2596
2597 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002598 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2599 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2600 0 -- disable.
2601 1 -- enable.
2602 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2603 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2604 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2605
John Johansenc1c124e2010-07-29 14:48:09 -07002606 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
2607 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2608 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
2609 0 -- disable.
2610 1 -- enable.
2611 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2612
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07002613 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002614
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002615 shapers= [NET]
2616 Maximal number of shapers.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002617
Yinghai Lub05f78f2008-08-22 01:32:50 -07002618 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2619 Format: { <integer> }
2620 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2621 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2622 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2623
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002624 simeth= [IA-64]
2625 simscsi=
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002626
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002627 slram= [HW,MTD]
2628
David Rientjes3df1ccc2011-10-18 22:09:28 -07002629 slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
2630 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2631 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2632 fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
2633 more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
2634
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002635 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2636 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2637 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2638 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2639 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2640 last alloc / free. For more information see
2641 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002642
2643 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002644 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2645 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2646 fragmentation. For more information see
2647 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002648
2649 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002650 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2651 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2652 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2653 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2654 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2655 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002656 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2657
2658 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +09002659 Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002660 lower than slub_max_order.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002661 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2662
2663 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002664 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002665 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
Christoph Lameterf0630ff2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07002666 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2667 merging on their own.
Christoph Lameterc1aee212007-05-31 00:40:47 -07002668 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2669
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002670 smart2= [HW]
2671 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2672
Bjorn Helgaasd0d4f692007-05-08 00:36:05 -07002673 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2674 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2675 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2676 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2677 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2678 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2679 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2680 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2681 1: Fast pin select (default)
2682 2: ATC IRMode
2683
Ingo Molnar9c44bc02008-05-12 21:21:04 +02002684 softlockup_panic=
2685 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002686 Format: <integer>
Ingo Molnar9c44bc02008-05-12 21:21:04 +02002687
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002688 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
Paul Bolle395cf962011-08-15 02:02:26 +02002689 See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002690
2691 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
Randy Dunlap31c00fc2008-11-13 21:33:24 +00002692 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002693
2694 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2695 spia_fio_base=
2696 spia_pedr=
2697 spia_peddr=
2698
Steven Rostedtf38f1d22008-12-16 23:06:40 -05002699 stacktrace [FTRACE]
2700 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2701
Steven Rostedt762e1202011-12-19 22:01:00 -05002702 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
2703 [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
2704 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
2705 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
2706 time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
2707 tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
2708 and the stacktrace above is not needed.
2709
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002710 sti= [PARISC,HW]
2711 Format: <num>
2712 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2713 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2714 as the initial boot-console.
2715 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2716
2717 sti_font= [HW]
2718 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2719
2720 stifb= [HW]
2721 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2722
Trond Myklebustcbf11072009-08-09 15:06:19 -04002723 sunrpc.min_resvport=
2724 sunrpc.max_resvport=
2725 [NFS,SUNRPC]
2726 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
2727 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
2728 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
2729 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
2730 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
2731 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
2732 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
2733 maximum port values.
2734
Greg Banks42a7fc42007-03-06 01:42:23 -08002735 sunrpc.pool_mode=
2736 [NFS]
2737 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2738 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2739 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2740 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2741 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2742 NFS server is running.
2743
2744 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2745 automatically using heuristics
2746 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2747 percpu one pool for each CPU
2748 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2749 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2750
Trond Myklebustcbf11072009-08-09 15:06:19 -04002751 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
2752 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
2753 [NFS,SUNRPC]
2754 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
2755 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
2756 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
2757 improve throughput, but will also increase the
2758 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
2759
Michal Hockoa42c3902010-11-24 12:57:08 -08002760 swapaccount[=0|1]
2761 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
2762 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
2763 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
2764
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002765 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002766
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002767 switches= [HW,M68k]
2768
Andi Kleene52eec12010-09-08 16:54:17 +02002769 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
2770 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
2771 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
2772 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
2773 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
2774 in older udev will not work anymore.
2775 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
2776 the kernel configuration.
2777
Ingo Molnar5d6f6472006-12-13 00:34:36 -08002778 sysrq_always_enabled
2779 [KNL]
2780 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2781 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2782 Useful for debugging.
2783
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002784 tdfx= [HW,DRM]
2785
David Brownell77437fd2008-07-23 21:28:33 -07002786 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2787 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2788 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2789 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2790 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2791
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002792 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2793 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2794
Len Brownf8707ec2007-08-12 00:12:54 -04002795 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2796 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2797 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2798
Len Brownc52a7412007-08-14 15:49:32 -04002799 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2800 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
Zhang Rui22a94d72008-10-17 02:41:20 -04002801 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
Len Brownc52a7412007-08-14 15:49:32 -04002802
Len Brownf5487142007-08-12 00:12:44 -04002803 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2804 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2805 critical and hot trip points.
2806
Len Brown72b33ef2007-08-12 00:12:17 -04002807 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2808 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2809
Len Browna70cdc52007-08-12 00:12:35 -04002810 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2811 -1: disable all passive trip points
Randy Dunlapada9cfd2008-12-19 10:57:32 -08002812 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2813 value
Len Browna70cdc52007-08-12 00:12:35 -04002814
Len Brown730ff342007-08-12 00:12:26 -04002815 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2816 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2817 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2818 0: no polling (default)
2819
Thomas Gleixner8d32a302011-02-23 23:52:23 +00002820 threadirqs [KNL]
2821 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
Masanari Iida24775d62012-02-15 00:26:42 +09002822 marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
Thomas Gleixner8d32a302011-02-23 23:52:23 +00002823
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01002824 topology= [S390]
2825 Format: {off | on}
2826 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
Sylvestre Ledruf65e51d2011-04-04 15:04:46 -07002827 topology information if the hardware supports this.
2828 The scheduler will make use of this information and
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01002829 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
Heiko Carstensc9af3fa2010-10-25 16:10:43 +02002830 Default is on.
Heiko Carstens2b1a61f2008-12-25 13:39:23 +01002831
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002832 tp720= [HW,PS2]
2833
Rajiv Andrade225a9be2010-03-25 00:55:32 -03002834 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
2835 Format: integer pcr id
2836 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
2837 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
2838 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
2839 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
2840 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
2841 are saved.
2842
Li Zefan9d612be2009-06-24 17:33:15 +08002843 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
2844 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
KOSAKI Motohiro631595f2009-03-10 13:57:10 +09002845
Li Zefan020e5f82009-07-01 10:47:05 +08002846 trace_event=[event-list]
2847 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
2848 to facilitate early boot debugging.
2849 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
2850
Jiri Kosinafcf4d822012-03-21 16:34:02 -07002851 transparent_hugepage=
2852 [KNL]
2853 Format: [always|madvise|never]
2854 Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
2855 with respect to transparent hugepages.
2856 See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
2857
john stultzd3b8f882009-08-17 16:40:47 -07002858 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
Alok Kataria395628e2008-10-24 17:22:01 -07002859 Format: <string>
2860 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
john stultzd3b8f882009-08-17 16:40:47 -07002861 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
2862 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
2863 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
2864 virtualized environment.
Venkatesh Pallipadie82b8e42010-10-04 17:03:20 -07002865 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
2866 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
2867 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
2868 can add overhead.
Alok Kataria395628e2008-10-24 17:22:01 -07002869
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002870 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2871 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2872 Format:
2873 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002874 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2875
Christian Kujaub6935f82011-05-31 15:22:05 +00002876 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
2877 happen after console_init() and before a proper
2878 console driver takes over, this boot options might
2879 help "seeing" what's going on.
2880
Eric Dumazetf86dcc52009-10-07 00:37:59 +00002881 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2882 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
2883
Alan Stern5f8364b2006-12-05 16:29:55 -05002884 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
2885 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2886 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2887 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2888 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2889 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2890 reported either.
2891
Simon Arlotte3a61b02008-07-19 23:32:54 +01002892 unknown_nmi_panic
Randy Dunlap44a4dcf2011-04-04 15:02:24 -07002893 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
Simon Arlotte3a61b02008-07-19 23:32:54 +01002894
Carl-Daniel Hailfingerc4fc2342011-05-31 21:31:08 +02002895 usbcore.authorized_default=
2896 [USB] Default USB device authorization:
2897 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
2898 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized)
2899
Alan Sternb5e795f2007-02-20 15:00:53 -05002900 usbcore.autosuspend=
2901 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2902 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2903 is the time required before an idle device will be
2904 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
Alan Sterneaafbc32007-03-13 16:39:15 -04002905 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
Alan Sternb5e795f2007-02-20 15:00:53 -05002906
Jaroslav Kyselafd7c5192008-10-10 16:24:45 +02002907 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2908 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2909
2910 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2911 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2912
2913 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2914 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2915 scheme (default 0 = off).
2916
Alan Stern3f5eb8d2011-11-17 16:41:35 -05002917 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
2918 [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
2919 usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
2920
Jaroslav Kyselafd7c5192008-10-10 16:24:45 +02002921 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2922 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2923 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2924
2925 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2926 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2927 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2928 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2929
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07002930 usbhid.mousepoll=
2931 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07002932
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05002933 usb-storage.delay_use=
2934 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2935 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2936
2937 usb-storage.quirks=
2938 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2939 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2940 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2941 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2942 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2943 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2944 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05002945 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2946 of sense data);
Alan Sterna0bb1082009-12-07 16:39:16 -05002947 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
2948 bytes of sense data);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05002949 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2950 device capacity by one sector);
Karl Relton51169012011-05-18 21:42:34 +01002951 d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
2952 READ_DISC_INFO command);
2953 e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
2954 READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05002955 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2956 reported device capacity by one
2957 sector if the number is odd);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05002958 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2959 device);
2960 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2961 unlock ejectable media);
2962 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2963 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
Alan Stern21c13a42011-06-07 11:35:52 -04002964 n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
2965 initial READ(10) command);
Alan Sternc838ea42008-12-15 10:40:06 -05002966 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2967 reported by the device);
Namjae Jeoneaa05df2012-07-07 23:05:28 -04002968 p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
2969 by default);
Alan Sternd4f373e2008-11-10 14:07:45 -05002970 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2971 bogus residue values);
2972 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2973 Logical Unit);
2974 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2975 medium is write-protected).
2976 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2977
Stephen Boydac1667d2011-08-13 12:34:50 -07002978 user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
2979 Format: <int>
2980 See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
2981 1 - undefined instruction events
2982 2 - system calls
2983 4 - invalid data aborts
2984 8 - SIGSEGV faults
2985 16 - SIGBUS faults
2986 Example: user_debug=31
2987
Ian Campbell14315592010-02-17 10:38:10 +00002988 userpte=
2989 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
2990
2991 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
2992 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
2993 of CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
2994
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05302995 vdso= [X86,SH]
Jeremy Fitzhardinge1dbf527c2007-05-02 19:27:12 +02002996 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
Ingo Molnare6e54942006-06-27 02:53:50 -07002997 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2998 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2999
Jaswinder Singh Rajput6cececf2009-04-14 14:03:43 +05303000 vdso32= [X86]
Roland McGrathaf65d642008-01-30 13:30:43 +01003001 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
3002 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
3003 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
3004
Yasuaki Ishimatsud080d392007-07-17 21:22:55 +09003005 vector= [IA-64,SMP]
3006 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
3007
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003008 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
3009 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
3010
Pawel Moll81a054c2012-05-09 18:30:16 +01003011 virtio_mmio.device=
3012 [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
3013
3014 <size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
3015 where:
3016 <size> := size (can use standard suffixes
3017 like K, M and G)
3018 <baseaddr> := physical base address
3019 <irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
3020 request_irq())
3021 <id> := (optional) platform device id
3022 example:
3023 virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
3024
3025 Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
3026
Alan Coxcd4f0ef2007-07-31 00:37:59 -07003027 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
Kyle McMartin954a8b82009-02-19 16:48:14 -05003028 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003029 Documentation/svga.txt.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003030 Use vga=ask for menu.
3031 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
3032 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
3033
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003034 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003035 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
3036 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
3037 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
3038 mapped kernel RAM.
3039
Peter Oberparleiter585c3042006-06-29 15:08:25 +02003040 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
3041 Format: <command>
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003042
Peter Oberparleiter585c3042006-06-29 15:08:25 +02003043 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
3044 Format: <command>
3045
3046 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
3047 Format: <command>
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003048
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04003049 vsyscall= [X86-64]
3050 Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
3051 fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
3052 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
3053 versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
3054 functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
3055 targets for exploits that can control RIP.
3056
Andy Lutomirski2e57ae02011-11-07 16:33:41 -08003057 emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
3058 emulated reasonably safely.
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04003059
Andy Lutomirski2e57ae02011-11-07 16:33:41 -08003060 native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions.
Andy Lutomirski3ae36652011-08-10 11:15:32 -04003061 This is a little bit faster than trapping
3062 and makes a few dynamic recompilers work
3063 better than they would in emulation mode.
3064 It also makes exploits much easier to write.
3065
3066 none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
3067 them quite hard to use for exploits but
3068 might break your system.
3069
Clemens Ladisch9ea9a882009-12-15 16:45:39 -08003070 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
3071 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
3072 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
3073 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
3074
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07003075 vt.default_blu= [VT]
3076 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
3077 Change the default blue palette of the console.
3078 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3079 ranging from 0-255.
3080
3081 vt.default_grn= [VT]
3082 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
3083 Change the default green palette of the console.
3084 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3085 ranging from 0-255.
3086
3087 vt.default_red= [VT]
3088 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
3089 Change the default red palette of the console.
3090 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3091 ranging from 0-255.
3092
3093 vt.default_utf8=
3094 [VT]
3095 Format=<0|1>
3096 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
3097 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
3098 newly opened terminals.
3099
Matthew Garrettf6c06b62009-11-13 15:14:11 -05003100 vt.global_cursor_default=
3101 [VT]
3102 Format=<-1|0|1>
3103 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
3104 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
3105 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
3106 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
3107 cursors, 1 will display them.
3108
Randy Dunlap4724ba572010-05-03 11:42:52 -07003109 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
3110 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
3111 or other driver-specific files in the
3112 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003113
Randy Dunlap0cb55ad2009-04-05 15:55:22 -07003114 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
3115 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
3116 supporting x2apic.
3117
Jacob Panbb24c472009-09-02 07:37:17 -07003118 x86_mrst_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
3119 Choose timer option for x86 Moorestown MID platform.
3120 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
3121 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
3122 x86_mrst_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
3123
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003124 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
3125 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
3126
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +01003127 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
3128 Unplug Xen emulated devices
3129 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
3130 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
3131 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
3132 nics -- unplug network devices
3133 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
Ian Campbell1dc7ce92010-08-23 11:59:29 +01003134 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
3135 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
3136 the unplug protocol
Ian Campbellc93a4df2010-08-23 11:59:28 +01003137 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
Stefano Stabellinic1c54132010-05-14 12:44:30 +01003138
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003139 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003140 Format:
3141 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003142
Randy Dunlapa9913042005-10-23 12:57:11 -07003143______________________________________________________________________
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003144
3145TODO:
3146
Linus Torvalds1da177e2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07003147 Add more DRM drivers.