diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | compiler/Android.bp | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | compiler/jit/jit_compiler.cc | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.cc | 422 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.h | 37 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/848-pattern-match/expected-stderr.txt | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/848-pattern-match/expected-stdout.txt | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/848-pattern-match/info.txt | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/848-pattern-match/run.py | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/848-pattern-match/src/Main.java | 64 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/common/runtime_state.cc | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/knownfailures.json | 1 |
11 files changed, 1 insertions, 564 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/Android.bp b/compiler/Android.bp index c4ced7528a..6472613cfe 100644 --- a/compiler/Android.bp +++ b/compiler/Android.bp @@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ art_cc_defaults { "driver/dex_compilation_unit.cc", "jit/jit_compiler.cc", "jit/jit_logger.cc", - "jit/small_pattern_matcher.cc", "jni/quick/calling_convention.cc", "jni/quick/jni_compiler.cc", "optimizing/block_builder.cc", diff --git a/compiler/jit/jit_compiler.cc b/compiler/jit/jit_compiler.cc index aafdfcf22e..e67236769e 100644 --- a/compiler/jit/jit_compiler.cc +++ b/compiler/jit/jit_compiler.cc @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ #include "jit/jit.h" #include "jit/jit_code_cache.h" #include "jit/jit_logger.h" -#include "jit/small_pattern_matcher.h" namespace art HIDDEN { namespace jit { @@ -182,19 +181,6 @@ bool JitCompiler::CompileMethod( DCHECK(!method->IsProxyMethod()); DCHECK(method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsResolved()); - // Try to pattern match the method. Only on arm and arm64 for now as we have - // sufficiently similar calling convention between C++ and managed code. - if (kRuntimeISA == InstructionSet::kArm || kRuntimeISA == InstructionSet::kArm64) { - if (!GetCompilerOptions().GetDebuggable() && compilation_kind == CompilationKind::kBaseline) { - const void* pattern = SmallPatternMatcher::TryMatch(method); - if (pattern != nullptr) { - VLOG(jit) << "Successfully pattern matched " << method->PrettyMethod(); - Runtime::Current()->GetInstrumentation()->UpdateMethodsCode(method, pattern); - return true; - } - } - } - TimingLogger logger( "JIT compiler timing logger", true, VLOG_IS_ON(jit), TimingLogger::TimingKind::kThreadCpu); self->AssertNoPendingException(); diff --git a/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.cc b/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.cc deleted file mode 100644 index a439ae17cf..0000000000 --- a/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.cc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,422 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project - * - * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - * You may obtain a copy of the License at - * - * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - * - * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - * limitations under the License. - */ - -#include "small_pattern_matcher.h" - -#include "art_method-inl.h" -#include "dex/dex_instruction-inl.h" -#include "entrypoints/entrypoint_utils-inl.h" - -namespace art HIDDEN { -namespace jit { - -// The following methods will be directly invoked by our own JIT/AOT compiled -// code. - -static void EmptyMethod() {} -static int32_t ReturnZero() { return 0; } -static int32_t ReturnOne() { return 1; } -static int32_t ReturnFirstArgMethod([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, int32_t first_arg) { - return first_arg; -} - -template <int offset, typename T> -static std::conditional_t<(sizeof(T) < sizeof(int32_t)), int32_t, T> ReturnFieldAt( - [[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, mirror::Object* obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - return obj->GetFieldPrimitive<T, /* kIsVolatile= */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object))); -} - -template <int offset, typename unused> -static mirror::Object* ReturnFieldObjectAt([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, mirror::Object* obj) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - return obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object))); -} - -template <int offset, typename T> -static std::conditional_t<(sizeof(T) < sizeof(int32_t)), int32_t, T> ReturnStaticFieldAt( - ArtMethod* method) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - ObjPtr<mirror::Class> cls = method->GetDeclaringClass(); - MemberOffset first_field_offset = cls->GetFirstReferenceStaticFieldOffset(kRuntimePointerSize); - return cls->GetFieldPrimitive<T, /* kIsVolatile= */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + first_field_offset.Int32Value())); -} - -template <int offset, typename unused> -static mirror::Object* ReturnStaticFieldObjectAt(ArtMethod* method) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - ObjPtr<mirror::Class> cls = method->GetDeclaringClass(); - MemberOffset first_field_offset = cls->GetFirstReferenceStaticFieldOffset(kRuntimePointerSize); - return cls->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>( - MemberOffset(offset + first_field_offset.Int32Value())); -} - -template <int offset, typename T> -static void SetFieldAt([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, mirror::Object* obj, T value) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - obj->SetFieldPrimitive<T, /* kIsVolatile= */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object)), value); -} - -template <int offset, typename unused> -static void SetFieldObjectAt([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, - mirror::Object* obj, - mirror::Object* value) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - obj->SetFieldObject</* kTransactionActive */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object)), value); -} - -template <int offset, typename T> -static void ConstructorSetFieldAt([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, mirror::Object* obj, T value) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - obj->SetFieldPrimitive<T, /* kIsVolatile= */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object)), value); - QuasiAtomic::ThreadFenceForConstructor(); -} - -template <int offset, typename unused> -static void ConstructorSetFieldObjectAt([[maybe_unused]] ArtMethod* method, - mirror::Object* obj, - mirror::Object* value) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - obj->SetFieldObject</* kTransactionActive */ false>( - MemberOffset(offset + sizeof(mirror::Object)), value); - QuasiAtomic::ThreadFenceForConstructor(); -} - -#define SWITCH_CASE(offset, func, type) \ - case offset: return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&func<offset, type>); - -#define DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, F, T) \ - switch (offset) { \ - SWITCH_CASE(0, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(4, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(8, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(12, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(16, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(20, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(24, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(28, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(32, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(36, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(40, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(44, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(48, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(52, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(56, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(60, F, T) \ - SWITCH_CASE(64, F, T) \ - default: return nullptr; \ - } - -#define DO_SWITCH(offset, O, P, K) \ - DCHECK_EQ(is_object, K == Primitive::kPrimNot); \ - switch (K) { \ - case Primitive::kPrimBoolean: \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, P, uint8_t); \ - case Primitive::kPrimInt: \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, P, int32_t); \ - case Primitive::kPrimLong: \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, P, int64_t); \ - case Primitive::kPrimNot: \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, O, mirror::Object*); \ - case Primitive::kPrimFloat: \ - if (kRuntimeISA == InstructionSet::kArm64) { \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, P, float); \ - } else { \ - return nullptr; \ - } \ - case Primitive::kPrimDouble: \ - if (kRuntimeISA == InstructionSet::kArm64) { \ - DO_SWITCH_OFFSET(offset, P, double); \ - } else { \ - return nullptr; \ - } \ - default: \ - return nullptr; \ - } - - -const void* SmallPatternMatcher::TryMatch(ArtMethod* method) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - CodeItemDataAccessor accessor(*method->GetDexFile(), method->GetCodeItem()); - - ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker(); - - bool is_recognizable_constructor = - method->IsConstructor() && - !method->IsStatic() && - method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetSuperClass() != nullptr && - method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetSuperClass()->IsObjectClass(); - - size_t insns_size = accessor.InsnsSizeInCodeUnits(); - if (insns_size >= 4u) { - if (!is_recognizable_constructor) { - return nullptr; - } - // We can recognize a constructor with 6 or 4 code units. - if (insns_size != 4u && insns_size != 6u) { - return nullptr; - } - } - - auto is_object_init_invoke = [&](const Instruction& instruction) - REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) { - uint16_t method_idx = instruction.VRegB_35c(); - Thread* self = Thread::Current(); - ArtMethod* target_method = - class_linker->ResolveMethod<ClassLinker::ResolveMode::kNoChecks>(self, - method_idx, - method, - kDirect); - if (target_method == nullptr) { - self->ClearException(); - return false; - } - if (!target_method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsObjectClass()) { - return false; - } - DCHECK(target_method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsVerified()); - CodeItemDataAccessor accessor(*target_method->GetDexFile(), target_method->GetCodeItem()); - DCHECK_EQ(accessor.InsnsSizeInCodeUnits(), 1u); - DCHECK_EQ(accessor.begin().Inst().Opcode(), Instruction::RETURN_VOID); - return true; - }; - - // Recognize a constructor of the form: - // invoke-direct v0, j.l.Object.<init> - // return-void - if (insns_size == 4u) { - DCHECK(is_recognizable_constructor); - const Instruction& instruction = accessor.begin().Inst(); - if (instruction.Opcode() == Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT && - is_object_init_invoke(instruction)) { - return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&EmptyMethod); - } - return nullptr; - } - - // Recognize: - // return-void - // Or: - // return-object v0 - if (insns_size == 1u) { - const Instruction& instruction = accessor.begin().Inst(); - if (instruction.Opcode() == Instruction::RETURN_VOID) { - return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&EmptyMethod); - } - - if (instruction.Opcode() == Instruction::RETURN_OBJECT) { - uint16_t number_of_vregs = accessor.RegistersSize(); - uint16_t number_of_parameters = accessor.InsSize(); - uint16_t obj_reg = number_of_vregs - number_of_parameters; - if (obj_reg == instruction.VRegA_11x()) { - return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&ReturnFirstArgMethod); - } - } - return nullptr; - } - - // Recognize: - // const vX, 0/1 - // return{-object} vX - if (insns_size == 2u) { - if (method->GetReturnTypePrimitive() == Primitive::kPrimFloat) { - // Too rare to bother. - return nullptr; - } - int32_t register_index = -1; - int32_t constant = -1; - for (DexInstructionPcPair pair : accessor) { - const Instruction& instruction = pair.Inst(); - switch (pair->Opcode()) { - case Instruction::CONST_4: { - register_index = instruction.VRegA_11n(); - constant = instruction.VRegB_11n(); - if (constant != 0 && constant != 1) { - return nullptr; - } - break; - } - case Instruction::CONST_16: { - register_index = instruction.VRegA_21s(); - constant = instruction.VRegB_21s(); - if (constant != 0 && constant != 1) { - return nullptr; - } - break; - } - case Instruction::RETURN: - case Instruction::RETURN_OBJECT: { - if (register_index == instruction.VRegA_11x()) { - if (constant == 0) { - return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&ReturnZero); - } else if (constant == 1) { - return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&ReturnOne); - } - } - return nullptr; - } - default: - return nullptr; - } - } - return nullptr; - } - - // Recognize: - // iget-{object,wide,boolean} vX, v0, field - // return-{object} vX - // Or: - // iput-{object,wide,boolean} v1, v0, field - // return-void - // Or: - // sget-object vX, field - // return-object vX - // Or: - // iput-{object,wide,boolean} v1, v0, field - // invoke-direct v0, j.l.Object.<init> - // return-void - // Or: - // invoke-direct v0, j.l.Object.<init> - // iput-{object,wide,boolean} v1, v0, field - // return-void - if (insns_size == 3u || insns_size == 6u) { - DCHECK_IMPLIES(insns_size == 6u, is_recognizable_constructor); - uint16_t number_of_vregs = accessor.RegistersSize(); - uint16_t number_of_parameters = accessor.InsSize(); - uint16_t obj_reg = number_of_vregs - number_of_parameters; - uint16_t first_param_reg = number_of_vregs - number_of_parameters + 1; - uint16_t dest_reg = -1; - uint32_t offset = -1; - bool is_object = false; - bool is_put = false; - bool is_static = false; - bool is_final = false; - Primitive::Type field_type; - for (DexInstructionPcPair pair : accessor) { - const Instruction& instruction = pair.Inst(); - switch (pair->Opcode()) { - case Instruction::INVOKE_DIRECT: - if (!is_recognizable_constructor || !is_object_init_invoke(instruction)) { - return nullptr; - } - break; - case Instruction::SGET_OBJECT: - is_static = true; - FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED; - case Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT: - case Instruction::IGET_OBJECT: - is_object = true; - FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED; - case Instruction::IPUT: - case Instruction::IGET: - case Instruction::IGET_BOOLEAN: - case Instruction::IPUT_BOOLEAN: - case Instruction::IGET_WIDE: - case Instruction::IPUT_WIDE: { - is_put = (pair->Opcode() == Instruction::IPUT || - pair->Opcode() == Instruction::IPUT_OBJECT || - pair->Opcode() == Instruction::IPUT_BOOLEAN || - pair->Opcode() == Instruction::IPUT_WIDE); - if (!is_static && obj_reg != instruction.VRegB_22c()) { - // The field access is not on the first parameter. - return nullptr; - } - if (!is_static && method->IsStatic()) { - // Getting/setting an instance field on an object that can be null. - // Our stubs cannot handle implicit null checks. - return nullptr; - } - if (is_put) { - if (first_param_reg != instruction.VRegA_22c()) { - // The value being stored is not the first parameter after 'this'. - return nullptr; - } - } else { - dest_reg = is_static ? instruction.VRegA_21c() : instruction.VRegA_22c(); - } - uint16_t field_index = is_static ? instruction.VRegB_21c() : instruction.VRegC_22c(); - Thread* self = Thread::Current(); - ArtField* field = - ResolveFieldWithAccessChecks(Thread::Current(), - class_linker, - field_index, - method, - is_static, - is_put, - /* resolve_field_type= */ is_put && is_object); - if (field == nullptr) { - self->ClearException(); - return nullptr; - } - if (field->IsVolatile()) { - return nullptr; - } - if (is_static && field->GetDeclaringClass() != method->GetDeclaringClass()) { - return nullptr; - } - offset = field->GetOffset().Int32Value(); - if (is_static) { - // We substract the start of reference fields to share more stubs. - MemberOffset first_field_offset = - field->GetDeclaringClass()->GetFirstReferenceStaticFieldOffset(kRuntimePointerSize); - offset = offset - first_field_offset.Int32Value(); - } else { - offset = offset - sizeof(mirror::Object); - } - if (offset > 64) { - return nullptr; - } - field_type = field->GetTypeAsPrimitiveType(); - is_final = field->IsFinal(); - break; - } - case Instruction::RETURN_OBJECT: - case Instruction::RETURN_WIDE: - case Instruction::RETURN: { - if (is_put || dest_reg != instruction.VRegA_11x()) { - // The returned value is not the fetched field. - return nullptr; - } - if (is_static) { - DO_SWITCH(offset, ReturnStaticFieldObjectAt, ReturnStaticFieldAt, field_type); - } else { - DO_SWITCH(offset, ReturnFieldObjectAt, ReturnFieldAt, field_type); - } - } - case Instruction::RETURN_VOID: { - if (!is_put) { - return nullptr; - } - if (is_final) { - DCHECK(is_recognizable_constructor); - DO_SWITCH(offset, ConstructorSetFieldObjectAt, ConstructorSetFieldAt, field_type); - } else { - DO_SWITCH(offset, SetFieldObjectAt, SetFieldAt, field_type); - } - } - default: - return nullptr; - } - } - } - - return nullptr; -} - -} // namespace jit -} // namespace art diff --git a/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.h b/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.h deleted file mode 100644 index f87d8406ed..0000000000 --- a/compiler/jit/small_pattern_matcher.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project - * - * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - * You may obtain a copy of the License at - * - * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - * - * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - * limitations under the License. - */ - -#ifndef ART_COMPILER_JIT_SMALL_PATTERN_MATCHER_H_ -#define ART_COMPILER_JIT_SMALL_PATTERN_MATCHER_H_ - -#include "base/locks.h" -#include "base/macros.h" - -namespace art HIDDEN { - -class ArtMethod; - -namespace jit { - -class SmallPatternMatcher { - public: - static const void* TryMatch(ArtMethod* method) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_); -}; - -} // namespace jit -} // namespace art - -#endif // ART_COMPILER_JIT_SMALL_PATTERN_MATCHER_H_ diff --git a/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stderr.txt b/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stderr.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29bb2..0000000000 --- a/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stderr.txt +++ /dev/null diff --git a/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stdout.txt b/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stdout.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6a5618ebc6..0000000000 --- a/test/848-pattern-match/expected-stdout.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -JNI_OnLoad called diff --git a/test/848-pattern-match/info.txt b/test/848-pattern-match/info.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 995bcbaf01..0000000000 --- a/test/848-pattern-match/info.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Tests for the JIT pattern matcher. diff --git a/test/848-pattern-match/run.py b/test/848-pattern-match/run.py deleted file mode 100644 index 39cdbbf9ac..0000000000 --- a/test/848-pattern-match/run.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash -# -# Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project -# -# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); -# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -# You may obtain a copy of the License at -# -# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 -# -# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -# limitations under the License. - - -def run(ctx, args): - # Force baseline JIT compilation to trigger the pattern matcher. - ctx.default_run(args, Xcompiler_option=["--baseline"]) diff --git a/test/848-pattern-match/src/Main.java b/test/848-pattern-match/src/Main.java deleted file mode 100644 index 904a27c469..0000000000 --- a/test/848-pattern-match/src/Main.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project - * - * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - * You may obtain a copy of the License at - * - * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - * - * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - * limitations under the License. - */ - -public class Main { - public float myFloatField = 42f; - public double myDoubleField = 42d; - public boolean myBooleanField = true; - - public float returnFloat() { - return myFloatField; - } - - public double returnDouble() { - return myDoubleField; - } - - public boolean returnBoolean() { - return myBooleanField; - } - - public static void assertEquals(float a, float b) { - if (a != b) { - throw new Error("Expected " + a + ", got " + b); - } - } - - public static void assertEquals(double a, double b) { - if (a != b) { - throw new Error("Expected " + a + ", got " + b); - } - } - - public static void assertEquals(boolean a, boolean b) { - if (a != b) { - throw new Error("Expected " + a + ", got " + b); - } - } - - public static void main(String[] args) { - System.loadLibrary(args[0]); - ensureJitBaselineCompiled(Main.class, "returnFloat"); - ensureJitBaselineCompiled(Main.class, "returnDouble"); - ensureJitBaselineCompiled(Main.class, "returnBoolean"); - Main m = new Main(); - assertEquals(m.myFloatField, m.returnFloat()); - assertEquals(m.myDoubleField, m.returnDouble()); - assertEquals(m.myBooleanField, m.returnBoolean()); - } - - public static native void ensureJitBaselineCompiled(Class<?> cls, String methodName); -} diff --git a/test/common/runtime_state.cc b/test/common/runtime_state.cc index c1c8936e9e..635feffefb 100644 --- a/test/common/runtime_state.cc +++ b/test/common/runtime_state.cc @@ -276,9 +276,7 @@ static void ForceJitCompiled(Thread* self, // Will either ensure it's compiled or do the compilation itself. We do // this before checking if we will execute JIT code in case the request // is for an 'optimized' compilation. - if (jit->CompileMethod(method, self, kind, /*prejit=*/ false)) { - return; - } + jit->CompileMethod(method, self, kind, /*prejit=*/ false); const void* entry_point = method->GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(); if (code_cache->ContainsPc(entry_point)) { // If we're running baseline or not requesting optimized, we're good to go. diff --git a/test/knownfailures.json b/test/knownfailures.json index 38828c3730..18926c2a6b 100644 --- a/test/knownfailures.json +++ b/test/knownfailures.json @@ -1181,7 +1181,6 @@ "845-data-image", "846-multidex-data-image", "847-filled-new-aray", - "848-pattern-match", "999-redefine-hiddenapi", "1000-non-moving-space-stress", "1001-app-image-regions", |