init: introduce Result<T> for return values and error handling

init tries to propagate error information up to build context before
logging errors.  This is a good thing, however too often init has the
overly verbose paradigm for error handling, below:

bool CalculateResult(const T& input, U* output, std::string* err)

bool CalculateAndUseResult(const T& input, std::string* err) {
  U output;
  std::string calculate_result_err;
  if (!CalculateResult(input, &output, &calculate_result_err)) {
    *err = "CalculateResult " + input + " failed: " +
      calculate_result_err;
      return false;
  }
  UseResult(output);
  return true;
}

Even more common are functions that return only true/false but also
require passing a std::string* err in order to see the error message.

This change introduces a Result<T> that is use to either hold a
successful return value of type T or to hold an error message as a
std::string.  If the functional only returns success or a failure with
an error message, Result<Success> may be used.  The classes Error and
ErrnoError are used to indicate a failed Result<T>.

A successful Result<T> is constructed implicitly from any type that
can be implicitly converted to T or from the constructor arguments for
T.  This allows you to return a type T directly from a function that
returns Result<T>.

Error and ErrnoError are used to construct a Result<T> has
failed. Each of these classes take an ostream as an input and are
implicitly cast to a Result<T> containing that failure.  ErrnoError()
additionally appends ": " + strerror(errno) to the end of  the failure
string to aid in interacting with C APIs.

The end result is that the above code snippet is turned into the much
clearer example below:

Result<U> CalculateResult(const T& input);

Result<Success> CalculateAndUseResult(const T& input) {
  auto output = CalculateResult(input);
  if (!output) {
    return Error() << "CalculateResult " << input << " failed: "
                   << output.error();
  }
  UseResult(*output);
  return Success();
}

This change also makes this conversion for some of the util.cpp
functions that used the old paradigm.

Test: boot bullhead, init unit tests
Change-Id: I1e7d3a8820a79362245041251057fbeed2f7979b
diff --git a/init/parser.cpp b/init/parser.cpp
index c6f4f45..4c34c26 100644
--- a/init/parser.cpp
+++ b/init/parser.cpp
@@ -102,15 +102,14 @@
 bool Parser::ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path) {
     LOG(INFO) << "Parsing file " << path << "...";
     android::base::Timer t;
-    std::string data;
-    std::string err;
-    if (!ReadFile(path, &data, &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
+    auto config_contents = ReadFile(path);
+    if (!config_contents) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read config file '" << path << "': " << config_contents.error();
         return false;
     }
 
-    data.push_back('\n');  // TODO: fix parse_config.
-    ParseData(path, data);
+    config_contents->push_back('\n');  // TODO: fix parse_config.
+    ParseData(path, *config_contents);
     for (const auto& [section_name, section_parser] : section_parsers_) {
         section_parser->EndFile();
     }