/*
 * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#pragma once
#include <atomic>

template <typename T>
// Single consumer multi producer stack. We can understand the two operations independently to see
// why they are without race condition.
//
// push is responsible for maintaining a linked list stored in mPush, and called from multiple
// threads without lock. We can see that if two threads never observe the same value from
// mPush.load, it just functions as a normal linked list. In the case where two threads observe the
// same value, one of them has to execute the compare_exchange first. The one that doesn't execute
// the compare exchange first, will receive false from compare_exchange. previousHead is updated (by
// compare_exchange) to the most recent value of mPush, and we try again. It's relatively clear to
// see that the process can repeat with an arbitrary number of threads.
//
// Pop is much simpler. If mPop is empty (as it begins) it atomically exchanges
// the entire push list with null. This is safe, since the only other reader (push)
// of mPush will retry if it changes in between it's read and atomic compare. We
// then store the list and pop one element.
//
// If we already had something in the pop list we just pop directly.
class LocklessStack {
public:
    class Entry {
    public:
        T* mValue;
        std::atomic<Entry*> mNext;
        Entry(T* value): mValue(value) {}
    };
    std::atomic<Entry*> mPush = nullptr;
    std::atomic<Entry*> mPop = nullptr;
    void push(T* value) {
        Entry* entry = new Entry(value);
        Entry* previousHead = mPush.load(/*std::memory_order_relaxed*/);
        do {
            entry->mNext = previousHead;
        } while (!mPush.compare_exchange_weak(previousHead, entry)); /*std::memory_order_release*/
    }
    T* pop() {
        Entry* popped = mPop.load(/*std::memory_order_acquire*/);
        if (popped) {
            // Single consumer so this is fine
            mPop.store(popped->mNext/* , std::memory_order_release */);
            auto value = popped->mValue;
            delete popped;
            return value;
        } else {
            Entry *grabbedList = mPush.exchange(nullptr/* , std::memory_order_acquire */);
            if (!grabbedList) return nullptr;
            mPop.store(grabbedList->mNext/* , std::memory_order_release */);
            auto value = grabbedList->mValue;
            delete grabbedList;
            return value;
        }
    }
};