lambda: Infrastructure to support capture/liberate-variable dex opcodes

* ArtLambdaMethod - wrap an ArtMethod with extra runtime lambda info
* Closure - data representation for a runtime lambda closure (read-only)
* ClosureBuilder - writer for creating a Closure at runtime
* ShortyFieldType - char/enum wrapper for shorty_field_type in dex

Tests:
* Closure, ClosureBuilder, ShortyFieldType have full unit test coverage.
* ArtLambdaMethod does not, but it is tested indirectly and is otherwise
  trivial getters.

Future CLs will include interpreter integration with minimal changes to
this Closure infrastructure.

Change-Id: I38a7aea8df1da7b154fd6623258c6c228c8e51df
diff --git a/runtime/lambda/closure.h b/runtime/lambda/closure.h
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/lambda/closure.h
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_LAMBDA_CLOSURE_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_LAMBDA_CLOSURE_H_
+
+#include "base/macros.h"
+#include "base/mutex.h"  // For Locks::mutator_lock_.
+#include "lambda/shorty_field_type.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace art {
+class ArtMethod;  // forward declaration
+
+namespace mirror {
+class Object;  // forward declaration
+}  // namespace mirror
+
+namespace lambda {
+class ArtLambdaMethod;  // forward declaration
+class ClosureBuilder;   // forward declaration
+
+// Inline representation of a lambda closure.
+// Contains the target method and the set of packed captured variables as a copy.
+//
+// The closure itself is logically immutable, although in practice any object references
+// it (recursively) contains can be moved and updated by the GC.
+struct PACKED(sizeof(ArtLambdaMethod*)) Closure {
+  // Get the size of the Closure in bytes.
+  // This is necessary in order to allocate a large enough area to copy the Closure into.
+  // Do *not* copy the closure with memcpy, since references also need to get moved.
+  size_t GetSize() const;
+
+  // Copy this closure into the target, whose memory size is specified by target_size.
+  // Any object references are fixed up during the copy (if there was a read barrier).
+  // The target_size must be at least as large as GetSize().
+  void CopyTo(void* target, size_t target_size) const;
+
+  // How many variables were captured?
+  size_t GetNumberOfCapturedVariables() const;
+
+  // Returns a type descriptor string that represents each captured variable.
+  // e.g. "Ljava/lang/Object;ZB" would mean a capture tuple of (Object, boolean, byte)
+  const char* GetCapturedVariablesTypeDescriptor() const;
+
+  // Returns the short type for the captured variable at index.
+  // Index must be less than the number of captured variables.
+  ShortyFieldType GetCapturedShortyType(size_t index) const;
+
+  // Returns the 32-bit representation of a non-wide primitive at the captured variable index.
+  // Smaller types are zero extended.
+  // Index must be less than the number of captured variables.
+  uint32_t GetCapturedPrimitiveNarrow(size_t index) const;
+  // Returns the 64-bit representation of a wide primitive at the captured variable index.
+  // Smaller types are zero extended.
+  // Index must be less than the number of captured variables.
+  uint64_t GetCapturedPrimitiveWide(size_t index) const;
+  // Returns the object reference at the captured variable index.
+  // The type at the index *must* be an object reference or a CHECK failure will occur.
+  // Index must be less than the number of captured variables.
+  mirror::Object* GetCapturedObject(size_t index) const SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Gets the size of a nested capture closure in bytes, at the captured variable index.
+  // The type at the index *must* be a lambda closure or a CHECK failure will occur.
+  size_t GetCapturedClosureSize(size_t index) const;
+
+  // Copies a nested lambda closure at the captured variable index.
+  // The destination must have enough room for the closure (see GetCapturedClosureSize).
+  void CopyCapturedClosure(size_t index, void* destination, size_t destination_room) const;
+
+ private:
+  // Read out any non-lambda value as a copy.
+  template <typename T>
+  T GetCapturedVariable(size_t index) const;
+
+  // Reconstruct the closure's captured variable info at runtime.
+  struct VariableInfo {
+    size_t index_;
+    ShortyFieldType variable_type_;
+    size_t offset_;
+    size_t count_;
+
+    enum Flags {
+      kIndex = 0x1,
+      kVariableType = 0x2,
+      kOffset = 0x4,
+      kCount = 0x8,
+    };
+
+    // Traverse to the end of the type descriptor list instead of stopping at some particular index.
+    static constexpr size_t kUpToIndexMax = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+  };
+
+  // Parse a type descriptor, stopping at index "upto_index".
+  // Returns only the information requested in flags. All other fields are indeterminate.
+  template <VariableInfo::Flags flags>
+  inline VariableInfo ALWAYS_INLINE ParseTypeDescriptor(const char* type_descriptor,
+                                                        size_t upto_index) const;
+
+  // Convenience function to call ParseTypeDescriptor with just the type and offset.
+  void GetCapturedVariableTypeAndOffset(size_t index,
+                                        ShortyFieldType* out_type,
+                                        size_t* out_offset) const;
+
+  // How many bytes do the captured variables take up? Runtime sizeof(captured_variables).
+  size_t GetCapturedVariablesSize() const;
+  // Get the size in bytes of the variable_type which is potentially stored at offset.
+  size_t GetCapturedVariableSize(ShortyFieldType variable_type, size_t offset) const;
+  // Get the starting offset (in bytes) for the 0th captured variable.
+  // All offsets are relative to 'captured_'.
+  size_t GetStartingOffset() const;
+  // Get the offset for this index.
+  // All offsets are relative to 'captuerd_'.
+  size_t GetCapturedVariableOffset(size_t index) const;
+
+  // Cast the data at '(char*)captured_[offset]' into T, returning its address.
+  // This value should not be de-referenced directly since its unaligned.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline const uint8_t* GetUnsafeAtOffset(size_t offset) const;
+
+  // Copy the data at the offset into the destination. DCHECKs that
+  // the destination_room is large enough (in bytes) to fit the data.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline void CopyUnsafeAtOffset(size_t offset,
+                                 void* destination,
+                                 size_t src_size = sizeof(T),
+                                 size_t destination_room = sizeof(T)) const;
+
+  // Get the closure size from an unaligned (i.e. interior) closure pointer.
+  static size_t GetClosureSize(const uint8_t* closure);
+
+  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // Compile-time known lambda information such as the type descriptor and size.
+  ArtLambdaMethod* lambda_info_;
+
+  // A contiguous list of captured variables, and possibly the closure size.
+  // The runtime size can always be determined through GetSize().
+  union {
+    // Read from here if the closure size is static (ArtLambdaMethod::IsStatic)
+    uint8_t static_variables_[0];
+    struct {
+      // Read from here if the closure size is dynamic (ArtLambdaMethod::IsDynamic)
+      size_t size_;  // The lambda_info_ and the size_ itself is also included as part of the size.
+      uint8_t variables_[0];
+    } dynamic_;
+  } captured_[0];
+  // captured_ will always consist of one array element at runtime.
+  // Set to [0] so that 'size_' is not counted in sizeof(Closure).
+
+  friend class ClosureBuilder;
+  friend class ClosureTest;
+};
+
+}  // namespace lambda
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_LAMBDA_CLOSURE_H_