AArch64: Add ARM64 Assembler

This patch adds the ARM64 Assembler and ManagedRegister backend.
The implementation of the Arm64Assembler class is based on VIXL (a
programmatic A64 Assembler - see external/vixl ).

Change-Id: I842fd574637a953c19631eedf26f6c70d9ed7f9e
Signed-off-by: Serban Constantinescu <serban.constantinescu@arm.com>
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm64/assembler_arm64.cc b/compiler/utils/arm64/assembler_arm64.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b364ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm64/assembler_arm64.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "assembler_arm64.h"
+#include "base/logging.h"
+#include "entrypoints/quick/quick_entrypoints.h"
+#include "offsets.h"
+#include "thread.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+namespace art {
+namespace arm64 {
+
+#ifdef ___
+#error "ARM64 Assembler macro already defined."
+#else
+#define ___   vixl_masm_->
+#endif
+
+void Arm64Assembler::EmitSlowPaths() {
+  if (!exception_blocks_.empty()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < exception_blocks_.size(); i++) {
+      EmitExceptionPoll(exception_blocks_.at(i));
+    }
+  }
+  ___ FinalizeCode();
+}
+
+size_t Arm64Assembler::CodeSize() const {
+  return ___ SizeOfCodeGenerated();
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::FinalizeInstructions(const MemoryRegion& region) {
+  // Copy the instructions from the buffer.
+  MemoryRegion from(reinterpret_cast<void*>(vixl_buf_), CodeSize());
+  region.CopyFrom(0, from);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::GetCurrentThread(ManagedRegister tr) {
+  ___ Mov(reg_x(tr.AsArm64().AsCoreRegister()), reg_x(TR));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::GetCurrentThread(FrameOffset offset, ManagedRegister /* scratch */) {
+  StoreToOffset(TR, SP, offset.Int32Value());
+}
+
+// See Arm64 PCS Section 5.2.2.1.
+void Arm64Assembler::IncreaseFrameSize(size_t adjust) {
+  CHECK_ALIGNED(adjust, kStackAlignment);
+  AddConstant(SP, -adjust);
+}
+
+// See Arm64 PCS Section 5.2.2.1.
+void Arm64Assembler::DecreaseFrameSize(size_t adjust) {
+  CHECK_ALIGNED(adjust, kStackAlignment);
+  AddConstant(SP, adjust);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::AddConstant(Register rd, int32_t value, Condition cond) {
+  AddConstant(rd, rd, value, cond);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::AddConstant(Register rd, Register rn, int32_t value,
+                                 Condition cond) {
+  if ((cond == AL) || (cond == NV)) {
+    // VIXL macro-assembler handles all variants.
+    ___ Add(reg_x(rd), reg_x(rn), value);
+  } else {
+    // ip1 = rd + value
+    // rd = cond ? ip1 : rn
+    CHECK_NE(rn, IP1);
+    ___ Add(reg_x(IP1), reg_x(rn), value);
+    ___ Csel(reg_x(rd), reg_x(IP1), reg_x(rd), COND_OP(cond));
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreWToOffset(StoreOperandType type, WRegister source,
+                                    Register base, int32_t offset) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case kStoreByte:
+      ___ Strb(reg_w(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kStoreHalfword:
+      ___ Strh(reg_w(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kStoreWord:
+      ___ Str(reg_w(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG(FATAL) << "UNREACHABLE";
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreToOffset(Register source, Register base, int32_t offset) {
+  CHECK_NE(source, SP);
+  ___ Str(reg_x(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreSToOffset(SRegister source, Register base, int32_t offset) {
+  ___ Str(reg_s(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreDToOffset(DRegister source, Register base, int32_t offset) {
+  ___ Str(reg_d(source), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Store(FrameOffset offs, ManagedRegister m_src, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister src = m_src.AsArm64();
+  if (src.IsNoRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(0u, size);
+  } else if (src.IsWRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(4u, size);
+    StoreWToOffset(kStoreWord, src.AsWRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+  } else if (src.IsCoreRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(8u, size);
+    StoreToOffset(src.AsCoreRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+  } else if (src.IsSRegister()) {
+    StoreSToOffset(src.AsSRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+  } else {
+    CHECK(src.IsDRegister()) << src;
+    StoreDToOffset(src.AsDRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreRef(FrameOffset offs, ManagedRegister m_src) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister src = m_src.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(src.IsCoreRegister()) << src;
+  StoreToOffset(src.AsCoreRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreRawPtr(FrameOffset offs, ManagedRegister m_src) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister src = m_src.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(src.IsCoreRegister()) << src;
+  StoreToOffset(src.AsCoreRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreImmediateToFrame(FrameOffset offs, uint32_t imm,
+                                           ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadImmediate(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), imm);
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreImmediateToThread(ThreadOffset offs, uint32_t imm,
+                                            ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadImmediate(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), imm);
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), TR, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreStackOffsetToThread(ThreadOffset tr_offs,
+                                              FrameOffset fr_offs,
+                                              ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  AddConstant(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, fr_offs.Int32Value());
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), TR, tr_offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreStackPointerToThread(ThreadOffset tr_offs) {
+  // Arm64 does not support: "str sp, [dest]" therefore we use IP1 as a temp reg.
+  ___ Mov(reg_x(IP1), reg_x(SP));
+  StoreToOffset(IP1, TR, tr_offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::StoreSpanning(FrameOffset dest_off, ManagedRegister m_source,
+                                   FrameOffset in_off, ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister source = m_source.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  StoreToOffset(source.AsCoreRegister(), SP, dest_off.Int32Value());
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, in_off.Int32Value());
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, dest_off.Int32Value() + 8);
+}
+
+// Load routines.
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadImmediate(Register dest, int32_t value,
+                                   Condition cond) {
+  if ((cond == AL) || (cond == NV)) {
+    ___ Mov(reg_x(dest), value);
+  } else {
+    // ip1 = value
+    // rd = cond ? ip1 : rd
+    if (value != 0) {
+      CHECK_NE(dest, IP1);
+      ___ Mov(reg_x(IP1), value);
+      ___ Csel(reg_x(dest), reg_x(IP1), reg_x(dest), COND_OP(cond));
+    } else {
+      ___ Csel(reg_x(dest), reg_x(XZR), reg_x(dest), COND_OP(cond));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadWFromOffset(LoadOperandType type, WRegister dest,
+                                     Register base, int32_t offset) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case kLoadSignedByte:
+      ___ Ldrsb(reg_w(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kLoadSignedHalfword:
+      ___ Ldrsh(reg_w(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kLoadUnsignedByte:
+      ___ Ldrb(reg_w(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kLoadUnsignedHalfword:
+      ___ Ldrh(reg_w(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    case kLoadWord:
+      ___ Ldr(reg_w(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+      break;
+    default:
+        LOG(FATAL) << "UNREACHABLE";
+  }
+}
+
+// Note: We can extend this member by adding load type info - see
+// sign extended A64 load variants.
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadFromOffset(Register dest, Register base,
+                                    int32_t offset) {
+  CHECK_NE(dest, SP);
+  ___ Ldr(reg_x(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadSFromOffset(SRegister dest, Register base,
+                                     int32_t offset) {
+  ___ Ldr(reg_s(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadDFromOffset(DRegister dest, Register base,
+                                     int32_t offset) {
+  ___ Ldr(reg_d(dest), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Load(Arm64ManagedRegister dest, Register base,
+                          int32_t offset, size_t size) {
+  if (dest.IsNoRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(0u, size) << dest;
+  } else if (dest.IsWRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(4u, size) << dest;
+    ___ Ldr(reg_w(dest.AsWRegister()), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+  } else if (dest.IsCoreRegister()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(8u, size) << dest;
+    CHECK_NE(dest.AsCoreRegister(), SP) << dest;
+    ___ Ldr(reg_x(dest.AsCoreRegister()), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+  } else if (dest.IsSRegister()) {
+    ___ Ldr(reg_s(dest.AsSRegister()), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+  } else {
+    CHECK(dest.IsDRegister()) << dest;
+    ___ Ldr(reg_d(dest.AsDRegister()), MEM_OP(reg_x(base), offset));
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Load(ManagedRegister m_dst, FrameOffset src, size_t size) {
+  return Load(m_dst.AsArm64(), SP, src.Int32Value(), size);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Load(ManagedRegister m_dst, ThreadOffset src, size_t size) {
+  return Load(m_dst.AsArm64(), TR, src.Int32Value(), size);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadRef(ManagedRegister m_dst, FrameOffset offs) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dst = m_dst.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(dst.IsCoreRegister()) << dst;
+  LoadFromOffset(dst.AsCoreRegister(), SP, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadRef(ManagedRegister m_dst, ManagedRegister m_base,
+                             MemberOffset offs) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dst = m_dst.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister base = m_base.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(dst.IsCoreRegister() && base.IsCoreRegister());
+  LoadFromOffset(dst.AsCoreRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(), offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadRawPtr(ManagedRegister m_dst, ManagedRegister m_base, Offset offs) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dst = m_dst.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister base = m_base.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(dst.IsCoreRegister() && base.IsCoreRegister());
+  LoadFromOffset(dst.AsCoreRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(), offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadRawPtrFromThread(ManagedRegister m_dst, ThreadOffset offs) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dst = m_dst.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(dst.IsCoreRegister()) << dst;
+  LoadFromOffset(dst.AsCoreRegister(), TR, offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+// Copying routines.
+void Arm64Assembler::Move(ManagedRegister m_dst, ManagedRegister m_src, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dst = m_dst.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister src = m_src.AsArm64();
+  if (!dst.Equals(src)) {
+    if (dst.IsCoreRegister()) {
+      CHECK(src.IsCoreRegister()) << src;
+      ___ Mov(reg_x(dst.AsCoreRegister()), reg_x(src.AsCoreRegister()));
+    } else if (dst.IsWRegister()) {
+      CHECK(src.IsWRegister()) << src;
+      ___ Mov(reg_w(dst.AsWRegister()), reg_w(src.AsWRegister()));
+    } else if (dst.IsSRegister()) {
+      CHECK(src.IsSRegister()) << src;
+      ___ Fmov(reg_s(dst.AsSRegister()), reg_s(src.AsSRegister()));
+    } else {
+      CHECK(dst.IsDRegister()) << dst;
+      CHECK(src.IsDRegister()) << src;
+      ___ Fmov(reg_d(dst.AsDRegister()), reg_d(src.AsDRegister()));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::CopyRawPtrFromThread(FrameOffset fr_offs,
+                                          ThreadOffset tr_offs,
+                                          ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), TR, tr_offs.Int32Value());
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, fr_offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::CopyRawPtrToThread(ThreadOffset tr_offs,
+                                        FrameOffset fr_offs,
+                                        ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, fr_offs.Int32Value());
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), TR, tr_offs.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::CopyRef(FrameOffset dest, FrameOffset src,
+                             ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, src.Int32Value());
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, dest.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(FrameOffset dest, FrameOffset src,
+                          ManagedRegister m_scratch, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister() || scratch.IsWRegister()) << scratch;
+  CHECK(size == 4 || size == 8) << size;
+  if (size == 4) {
+    LoadWFromOffset(kLoadWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), SP, src.Int32Value());
+    StoreWToOffset(kStoreWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), SP, dest.Int32Value());
+  } else if (size == 8) {
+    LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, src.Int32Value());
+    StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, dest.Int32Value());
+  } else {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "We only support Copy() of size 4 and 8";
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(FrameOffset dest, ManagedRegister src_base, Offset src_offset,
+                          ManagedRegister m_scratch, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister base = src_base.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(base.IsCoreRegister()) << base;
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister() || scratch.IsWRegister()) << scratch;
+  CHECK(size == 4 || size == 8) << size;
+  if (size == 4) {
+    LoadWFromOffset(kLoadWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(),
+                   src_offset.Int32Value());
+    StoreWToOffset(kStoreWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), SP, dest.Int32Value());
+  } else if (size == 8) {
+    LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(), src_offset.Int32Value());
+    StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, dest.Int32Value());
+  } else {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "We only support Copy() of size 4 and 8";
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(ManagedRegister m_dest_base, Offset dest_offs, FrameOffset src,
+                          ManagedRegister m_scratch, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister base = m_dest_base.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(base.IsCoreRegister()) << base;
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister() || scratch.IsWRegister()) << scratch;
+  CHECK(size == 4 || size == 8) << size;
+  if (size == 4) {
+    LoadWFromOffset(kLoadWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), SP, src.Int32Value());
+    StoreWToOffset(kStoreWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(),
+                   dest_offs.Int32Value());
+  } else if (size == 8) {
+    LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, src.Int32Value());
+    StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(), dest_offs.Int32Value());
+  } else {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "We only support Copy() of size 4 and 8";
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(FrameOffset /*dst*/, FrameOffset /*src_base*/, Offset /*src_offset*/,
+                          ManagedRegister /*mscratch*/, size_t /*size*/) {
+  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "Unimplemented Copy() variant";
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(ManagedRegister m_dest, Offset dest_offset,
+                          ManagedRegister m_src, Offset src_offset,
+                          ManagedRegister m_scratch, size_t size) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister src = m_src.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister dest = m_dest.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(dest.IsCoreRegister()) << dest;
+  CHECK(src.IsCoreRegister()) << src;
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister() || scratch.IsWRegister()) << scratch;
+  CHECK(size == 4 || size == 8) << size;
+  if (size == 4) {
+    LoadWFromOffset(kLoadWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), src.AsCoreRegister(),
+                    src_offset.Int32Value());
+    StoreWToOffset(kStoreWord, scratch.AsWRegister(), dest.AsCoreRegister(),
+                   dest_offset.Int32Value());
+  } else if (size == 8) {
+    LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), src.AsCoreRegister(), src_offset.Int32Value());
+    StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), dest.AsCoreRegister(), dest_offset.Int32Value());
+  } else {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "We only support Copy() of size 4 and 8";
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Copy(FrameOffset /*dst*/, Offset /*dest_offset*/,
+                          FrameOffset /*src*/, Offset /*src_offset*/,
+                          ManagedRegister /*scratch*/, size_t /*size*/) {
+  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "Unimplemented Copy() variant";
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::MemoryBarrier(ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  // TODO: Should we check that m_scratch is IP? - see arm.
+#if ANDROID_SMP != 0
+  ___ Dmb(vixl::InnerShareable, vixl::BarrierAll);
+#endif
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::SignExtend(ManagedRegister /*mreg*/, size_t /*size*/) {
+  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "no sign extension necessary for Arm64";
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::ZeroExtend(ManagedRegister /*mreg*/, size_t /*size*/) {
+  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "no zero extension necessary for Arm64";
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::VerifyObject(ManagedRegister /*src*/, bool /*could_be_null*/) {
+  // TODO: not validating references.
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::VerifyObject(FrameOffset /*src*/, bool /*could_be_null*/) {
+  // TODO: not validating references.
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Call(ManagedRegister m_base, Offset offs, ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister base = m_base.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(base.IsCoreRegister()) << base;
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), base.AsCoreRegister(), offs.Int32Value());
+  ___ Blr(reg_x(scratch.AsCoreRegister()));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Call(FrameOffset base, Offset offs, ManagedRegister m_scratch) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  // Call *(*(SP + base) + offset)
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, base.Int32Value());
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), scratch.AsCoreRegister(), offs.Int32Value());
+  ___ Blr(reg_x(scratch.AsCoreRegister()));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::Call(ThreadOffset /*offset*/, ManagedRegister /*scratch*/) {
+  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << "Unimplemented Call() variant";
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::CreateSirtEntry(ManagedRegister m_out_reg, FrameOffset sirt_offs,
+                                     ManagedRegister m_in_reg, bool null_allowed) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister out_reg = m_out_reg.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister in_reg = m_in_reg.AsArm64();
+  // For now we only hold stale sirt entries in x registers.
+  CHECK(in_reg.IsNoRegister() || in_reg.IsCoreRegister()) << in_reg;
+  CHECK(out_reg.IsCoreRegister()) << out_reg;
+  if (null_allowed) {
+    // Null values get a SIRT entry value of 0.  Otherwise, the SIRT entry is
+    // the address in the SIRT holding the reference.
+    // e.g. out_reg = (handle == 0) ? 0 : (SP+handle_offset)
+    if (in_reg.IsNoRegister()) {
+      LoadFromOffset(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offs.Int32Value());
+      in_reg = out_reg;
+    }
+    ___ Cmp(reg_x(in_reg.AsCoreRegister()), 0);
+    if (!out_reg.Equals(in_reg)) {
+      LoadImmediate(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), 0, EQ);
+    }
+    AddConstant(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offs.Int32Value(), NE);
+  } else {
+    AddConstant(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offs.Int32Value(), AL);
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::CreateSirtEntry(FrameOffset out_off, FrameOffset sirt_offset,
+                                     ManagedRegister m_scratch, bool null_allowed) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(scratch.IsCoreRegister()) << scratch;
+  if (null_allowed) {
+    LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offset.Int32Value());
+    // Null values get a SIRT entry value of 0.  Otherwise, the sirt entry is
+    // the address in the SIRT holding the reference.
+    // e.g. scratch = (scratch == 0) ? 0 : (SP+sirt_offset)
+    ___ Cmp(reg_x(scratch.AsCoreRegister()), 0);
+    // Move this logic in add constants with flags.
+    AddConstant(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offset.Int32Value(), NE);
+  } else {
+    AddConstant(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, sirt_offset.Int32Value(), AL);
+  }
+  StoreToOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), SP, out_off.Int32Value());
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::LoadReferenceFromSirt(ManagedRegister m_out_reg,
+                                           ManagedRegister m_in_reg) {
+  Arm64ManagedRegister out_reg = m_out_reg.AsArm64();
+  Arm64ManagedRegister in_reg = m_in_reg.AsArm64();
+  CHECK(out_reg.IsCoreRegister()) << out_reg;
+  CHECK(in_reg.IsCoreRegister()) << in_reg;
+  vixl::Label exit;
+  if (!out_reg.Equals(in_reg)) {
+    // FIXME: Who sets the flags here?
+    LoadImmediate(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), 0, EQ);
+  }
+  ___ Cmp(reg_x(in_reg.AsCoreRegister()), 0);
+  ___ B(&exit, COND_OP(EQ));
+  LoadFromOffset(out_reg.AsCoreRegister(), in_reg.AsCoreRegister(), 0);
+  ___ Bind(&exit);
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::ExceptionPoll(ManagedRegister m_scratch, size_t stack_adjust) {
+  CHECK_ALIGNED(stack_adjust, kStackAlignment);
+  Arm64ManagedRegister scratch = m_scratch.AsArm64();
+  Arm64Exception *current_exception = new Arm64Exception(scratch, stack_adjust);
+  exception_blocks_.push_back(current_exception);
+  LoadFromOffset(scratch.AsCoreRegister(), TR, Thread::ExceptionOffset().Int32Value());
+  ___ Cmp(reg_x(scratch.AsCoreRegister()), 0);
+  ___ B(current_exception->Entry(), COND_OP(NE));
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::EmitExceptionPoll(Arm64Exception *exception) {
+    // Bind exception poll entry.
+  ___ Bind(exception->Entry());
+  if (exception->stack_adjust_ != 0) {  // Fix up the frame.
+    DecreaseFrameSize(exception->stack_adjust_);
+  }
+  // Pass exception object as argument.
+  // Don't care about preserving X0 as this won't return.
+  ___ Mov(reg_x(X0), reg_x(exception->scratch_.AsCoreRegister()));
+  LoadFromOffset(IP1, TR, QUICK_ENTRYPOINT_OFFSET(pDeliverException).Int32Value());
+  ___ Blr(reg_x(IP1));
+  // Call should never return.
+  ___ Brk();
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::BuildFrame(size_t frame_size, ManagedRegister method_reg,
+                        const std::vector<ManagedRegister>& callee_save_regs,
+                        const std::vector<ManagedRegister>& entry_spills) {
+  CHECK_ALIGNED(frame_size, kStackAlignment);
+  CHECK(X0 == method_reg.AsArm64().AsCoreRegister());
+
+  // TODO: *create APCS FP - end of FP chain;
+  //       *add support for saving a different set of callee regs.
+  // For now we check that the size of callee regs vector is 20
+  // equivalent to the APCS callee saved regs [X19, x30] [D8, D15].
+  CHECK_EQ(callee_save_regs.size(), kCalleeSavedRegsSize);
+  ___ PushCalleeSavedRegisters();
+
+  // Increate frame to required size - must be at least space to push Method*.
+  CHECK_GT(frame_size, kCalleeSavedRegsSize * kPointerSize);
+  size_t adjust = frame_size - (kCalleeSavedRegsSize * kPointerSize);
+  IncreaseFrameSize(adjust);
+
+  // Write Method*.
+  StoreToOffset(X0, SP, 0);
+
+  // Write out entry spills, treated as X regs.
+  // TODO: we can implement a %2 STRP variant of StoreToOffset.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < entry_spills.size(); ++i) {
+    Register reg = entry_spills.at(i).AsArm64().AsCoreRegister();
+    StoreToOffset(reg, SP, frame_size + kPointerSize + (i * kPointerSize));
+  }
+}
+
+void Arm64Assembler::RemoveFrame(size_t frame_size, const std::vector<ManagedRegister>& callee_save_regs) {
+  CHECK_ALIGNED(frame_size, kStackAlignment);
+
+  // For now we only check that the size of the frame is greater than the
+  // no of APCS callee saved regs [X19, X30] [D8, D15].
+  CHECK_EQ(callee_save_regs.size(), kCalleeSavedRegsSize);
+  CHECK_GT(frame_size, kCalleeSavedRegsSize * kPointerSize);
+
+  // Decrease frame size to start of callee saved regs.
+  size_t adjust = frame_size - (kCalleeSavedRegsSize * kPointerSize);
+  DecreaseFrameSize(adjust);
+
+  // Pop callee saved and return to LR.
+  ___ PopCalleeSavedRegisters();
+  ___ Ret();
+}
+
+}  // namespace arm64
+}  // namespace art