Revert "Hash-based dex cache type array."

Reverting to work around some programs crashing with
    Check failed: handle_scope_iface.Get() != nullptr.
though the reason for the failure not yet understood.

Test: m test-art-host
Bug: 34839984
Bug: 30627598
Bug: 34659969
Bug: 30419309

This reverts commit ec7862283dd49f5a58d0ac45960ce27c2f7671b8.

Change-Id: Ifded663633082f1e59e5b6ff2e026dc559bd6b82
diff --git a/compiler/compiler.h b/compiler/compiler.h
index 908d366..2ca0b77 100644
--- a/compiler/compiler.h
+++ b/compiler/compiler.h
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
   class JitCodeCache;
 }
 namespace mirror {
-  class ClassLoader;
   class DexCache;
 }
 
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@
                                   InvokeType invoke_type,
                                   uint16_t class_def_idx,
                                   uint32_t method_idx,
-                                  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                                  jobject class_loader,
                                   const DexFile& dex_file,
                                   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache) const = 0;
 
diff --git a/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.cc b/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.cc
index 76aeaa5..d4f6545 100644
--- a/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.cc
+++ b/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.cc
@@ -284,13 +284,16 @@
   }
   uint32_t method_idx = is_range ? inst->VRegB_3rc() : inst->VRegB_35c();
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(unit_.GetClassLoader())));
 
   ClassLinker* class_linker = unit_.GetClassLinker();
   ArtMethod* resolved_method = class_linker->ResolveMethod<ClassLinker::kForceICCECheck>(
       GetDexFile(),
       method_idx,
       unit_.GetDexCache(),
-      unit_.GetClassLoader(),
+      class_loader,
       /* referrer */ nullptr,
       kVirtual);
 
@@ -327,7 +330,7 @@
     InvokeType invoke_type ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
     uint16_t class_def_idx,
     uint32_t method_idx,
-    Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+    jobject class_loader,
     const DexFile& dex_file,
     DexToDexCompilationLevel dex_to_dex_compilation_level) {
   DCHECK(driver != nullptr);
diff --git a/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.h b/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.h
index 00c596d..0a00d45 100644
--- a/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.h
+++ b/compiler/dex/dex_to_dex_compiler.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #define ART_COMPILER_DEX_DEX_TO_DEX_COMPILER_H_
 
 #include "dex_file.h"
-#include "handle.h"
 #include "invoke_type.h"
 
 namespace art {
@@ -26,10 +25,6 @@
 class CompiledMethod;
 class CompilerDriver;
 
-namespace mirror {
-class ClassLoader;
-}  // namespace mirror
-
 namespace optimizer {
 
 enum class DexToDexCompilationLevel {
@@ -45,7 +40,7 @@
                               InvokeType invoke_type,
                               uint16_t class_def_idx,
                               uint32_t method_idx,
-                              Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                              jobject class_loader,
                               const DexFile& dex_file,
                               DexToDexCompilationLevel dex_to_dex_compilation_level);
 
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver-inl.h b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver-inl.h
index 81d80f4..f056dd3 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver-inl.h
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver-inl.h
@@ -31,12 +31,17 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
+inline mirror::ClassLoader* CompilerDriver::GetClassLoader(const ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
+                                                           const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit) {
+  return soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(mUnit->GetClassLoader()).Ptr();
+}
+
 inline mirror::Class* CompilerDriver::ResolveClass(
     const ScopedObjectAccess& soa, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
     Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader, dex::TypeIndex cls_index,
     const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit) {
   DCHECK_EQ(dex_cache->GetDexFile(), mUnit->GetDexFile());
-  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), mUnit->GetClassLoader().Get());
+  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), GetClassLoader(soa, mUnit));
   mirror::Class* cls = mUnit->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(
       *mUnit->GetDexFile(), cls_index, dex_cache, class_loader);
   DCHECK_EQ(cls == nullptr, soa.Self()->IsExceptionPending());
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@
     const ScopedObjectAccess& soa, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
     Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader, const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit) {
   DCHECK_EQ(dex_cache->GetDexFile(), mUnit->GetDexFile());
-  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), mUnit->GetClassLoader().Get());
+  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), GetClassLoader(soa, mUnit));
   const DexFile::MethodId& referrer_method_id =
       mUnit->GetDexFile()->GetMethodId(mUnit->GetDexMethodIndex());
   return ResolveClass(soa, dex_cache, class_loader, referrer_method_id.class_idx_, mUnit);
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@
     const ScopedObjectAccess& soa, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
     Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader, const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit,
     uint32_t field_idx, bool is_static) {
-  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), mUnit->GetClassLoader().Get());
+  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), GetClassLoader(soa, mUnit));
   return ResolveFieldWithDexFile(soa, dex_cache, class_loader, mUnit->GetDexFile(), field_idx,
                                  is_static);
 }
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@
     ScopedObjectAccess& soa, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
     Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader, const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit,
     uint32_t method_idx, InvokeType invoke_type, bool check_incompatible_class_change) {
-  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), mUnit->GetClassLoader().Get());
+  DCHECK_EQ(class_loader.Get(), GetClassLoader(soa, mUnit));
   ArtMethod* resolved_method =
       check_incompatible_class_change
           ? mUnit->GetClassLinker()->ResolveMethod<ClassLinker::kForceICCECheck>(
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
index 4e19dbe..1d4eaf8 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
                           InvokeType invoke_type,
                           uint16_t class_def_idx,
                           uint32_t method_idx,
-                          Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                          jobject class_loader,
                           const DexFile& dex_file,
                           optimizer::DexToDexCompilationLevel dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
                           bool compilation_enabled,
@@ -624,6 +624,9 @@
       // Look-up the ArtMethod associated with this code_item (if any)
       // -- It is later used to lookup any [optimization] annotations for this method.
       ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
+      StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+      Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_handle(hs.NewHandle(
+          soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(class_loader)));
 
       // TODO: Lookup annotation from DexFile directly without resolving method.
       ArtMethod* method =
@@ -631,7 +634,7 @@
               dex_file,
               method_idx,
               dex_cache,
-              class_loader,
+              class_loader_handle,
               /* referrer */ nullptr,
               invoke_type);
 
@@ -678,14 +681,9 @@
 
     if (compile) {
       // NOTE: if compiler declines to compile this method, it will return null.
-      compiled_method = driver->GetCompiler()->Compile(code_item,
-                                                       access_flags,
-                                                       invoke_type,
-                                                       class_def_idx,
-                                                       method_idx,
-                                                       class_loader,
-                                                       dex_file,
-                                                       dex_cache);
+      compiled_method = driver->GetCompiler()->Compile(code_item, access_flags, invoke_type,
+                                                       class_def_idx, method_idx, class_loader,
+                                                       dex_file, dex_cache);
     }
     if (compiled_method == nullptr &&
         dex_to_dex_compilation_level != optimizer::DexToDexCompilationLevel::kDontDexToDexCompile) {
@@ -732,14 +730,12 @@
   uint32_t method_idx = method->GetDexMethodIndex();
   uint32_t access_flags = method->GetAccessFlags();
   InvokeType invoke_type = method->GetInvokeType();
-  StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
+  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(method->GetDexCache()));
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(
-      hs.NewHandle(method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetClassLoader()));
   {
     ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked soa(self);
     ScopedLocalRef<jobject> local_class_loader(
-        soa.Env(), soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(class_loader.Get()));
+        soa.Env(), soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetClassLoader()));
     jclass_loader = soa.Env()->NewGlobalRef(local_class_loader.get());
     // Find the dex_file
     dex_file = method->GetDexFile();
@@ -773,7 +769,7 @@
                 invoke_type,
                 class_def_idx,
                 method_idx,
-                class_loader,
+                jclass_loader,
                 *dex_file,
                 dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
                 true,
@@ -799,7 +795,7 @@
                   invoke_type,
                   class_def_idx,
                   method_idx,
-                  class_loader,
+                  jclass_loader,
                   *dex_file,
                   dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
                   true,
@@ -1074,30 +1070,22 @@
 
 class ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
  public:
-  ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor() : classes_() {}
+  explicit ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor(
+      std::set<std::pair<dex::TypeIndex, const DexFile*>>& exceptions_to_resolve)
+     : exceptions_to_resolve_(exceptions_to_resolve) {}
 
   virtual bool operator()(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> c) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    classes_.push_back(c);
+    const auto pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
+    for (auto& m : c->GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
+      ResolveExceptionsForMethod(&m);
+    }
     return true;
   }
 
-  void FindExceptionTypesToResolve(
-      std::set<std::pair<dex::TypeIndex, const DexFile*>>* exceptions_to_resolve)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    const auto pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();
-    for (ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass : classes_) {
-      for (ArtMethod& method : klass->GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
-        FindExceptionTypesToResolveForMethod(&method, exceptions_to_resolve);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
  private:
-  void FindExceptionTypesToResolveForMethod(
-      ArtMethod* method,
-      std::set<std::pair<dex::TypeIndex, const DexFile*>>* exceptions_to_resolve)
+  void ResolveExceptionsForMethod(ArtMethod* method_handle)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = method->GetCodeItem();
+    const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = method_handle->GetCodeItem();
     if (code_item == nullptr) {
       return;  // native or abstract method
     }
@@ -1117,9 +1105,9 @@
         dex::TypeIndex encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx =
             dex::TypeIndex(DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list));
         // Add to set of types to resolve if not already in the dex cache resolved types
-        if (!method->IsResolvedTypeIdx(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx)) {
-          exceptions_to_resolve->emplace(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx,
-                                         method->GetDexFile());
+        if (!method_handle->IsResolvedTypeIdx(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx)) {
+          exceptions_to_resolve_.emplace(encoded_catch_handler_handlers_type_idx,
+                                         method_handle->GetDexFile());
         }
         // ignore address associated with catch handler
         DecodeUnsignedLeb128(&encoded_catch_handler_list);
@@ -1131,7 +1119,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  std::vector<ObjPtr<mirror::Class>> classes_;
+  std::set<std::pair<dex::TypeIndex, const DexFile*>>& exceptions_to_resolve_;
 };
 
 class RecordImageClassesVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
@@ -1185,14 +1173,8 @@
       hs.NewHandle(class_linker->FindSystemClass(self, "Ljava/lang/Throwable;")));
   do {
     unresolved_exception_types.clear();
-    {
-      // Thread suspension is not allowed while ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor
-      // is using a std::vector<ObjPtr<mirror::Class>>.
-      ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension ants(__FUNCTION__);
-      ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor visitor;
-      class_linker->VisitClasses(&visitor);
-      visitor.FindExceptionTypesToResolve(&unresolved_exception_types);
-    }
+    ResolveCatchBlockExceptionsClassVisitor visitor(unresolved_exception_types);
+    class_linker->VisitClasses(&visitor);
     for (const auto& exception_type : unresolved_exception_types) {
       dex::TypeIndex exception_type_idx = exception_type.first;
       const DexFile* dex_file = exception_type.second;
@@ -1441,14 +1423,19 @@
   dex_to_dex_references_.back().GetMethodIndexes().SetBit(method_ref.dex_method_index);
 }
 
-bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> referrer_class,
-                                                ObjPtr<mirror::Class> resolved_class) {
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx,
+                                                Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                                dex::TypeIndex type_idx) {
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier
+  mirror::Class* resolved_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
   if (resolved_class == nullptr) {
     stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
     return false;  // Unknown class needs access checks.
   }
+  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_cache->GetDexFile()->GetMethodId(referrer_idx);
   bool is_accessible = resolved_class->IsPublic();  // Public classes are always accessible.
   if (!is_accessible) {
+    mirror::Class* referrer_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
     if (referrer_class == nullptr) {
       stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
       return false;  // Incomplete referrer knowledge needs access check.
@@ -1465,9 +1452,12 @@
   return is_accessible;
 }
 
-bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> referrer_class,
-                                                            ObjPtr<mirror::Class> resolved_class,
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx,
+                                                            Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                                            dex::TypeIndex type_idx,
                                                             bool* finalizable) {
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier.
+  mirror::Class* resolved_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
   if (resolved_class == nullptr) {
     stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
     // Be conservative.
@@ -1475,8 +1465,10 @@
     return false;  // Unknown class needs access checks.
   }
   *finalizable = resolved_class->IsFinalizable();
+  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_cache->GetDexFile()->GetMethodId(referrer_idx);
   bool is_accessible = resolved_class->IsPublic();  // Public classes are always accessible.
   if (!is_accessible) {
+    mirror::Class* referrer_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
     if (referrer_class == nullptr) {
       stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
       return false;  // Incomplete referrer knowledge needs access check.
@@ -1520,7 +1512,9 @@
   mirror::Class* referrer_class;
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(mUnit->GetDexCache());
   {
-    Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_handle = mUnit->GetClassLoader();
+    StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+    Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_handle(
+        hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(mUnit->GetClassLoader())));
     resolved_field = ResolveField(soa, dex_cache, class_loader_handle, mUnit, field_idx, false);
     referrer_class = resolved_field != nullptr
         ? ResolveCompilingMethodsClass(soa, dex_cache, class_loader_handle, mUnit) : nullptr;
@@ -2593,18 +2587,10 @@
         continue;
       }
       previous_direct_method_idx = method_idx;
-      CompileMethod(soa.Self(),
-                    driver,
-                    it.GetMethodCodeItem(),
-                    it.GetMethodAccessFlags(),
-                    it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def),
-                    class_def_index,
-                    method_idx,
-                    class_loader,
-                    dex_file,
-                    dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
-                    compilation_enabled,
-                    dex_cache);
+      CompileMethod(soa.Self(), driver, it.GetMethodCodeItem(), it.GetMethodAccessFlags(),
+                    it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def), class_def_index,
+                    method_idx, jclass_loader, dex_file, dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
+                    compilation_enabled, dex_cache);
       it.Next();
     }
     // Compile virtual methods
@@ -2618,17 +2604,10 @@
         continue;
       }
       previous_virtual_method_idx = method_idx;
-      CompileMethod(soa.Self(),
-                    driver, it.GetMethodCodeItem(),
-                    it.GetMethodAccessFlags(),
-                    it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def),
-                    class_def_index,
-                    method_idx,
-                    class_loader,
-                    dex_file,
-                    dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
-                    compilation_enabled,
-                    dex_cache);
+      CompileMethod(soa.Self(), driver, it.GetMethodCodeItem(), it.GetMethodAccessFlags(),
+                    it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def), class_def_index,
+                    method_idx, jclass_loader, dex_file, dex_to_dex_compilation_level,
+                    compilation_enabled, dex_cache);
       it.Next();
     }
     DCHECK(!it.HasNext());
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
index d032a26..503fe3a 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
@@ -187,14 +187,16 @@
       REQUIRES(!requires_constructor_barrier_lock_);
 
   // Are runtime access checks necessary in the compiled code?
-  bool CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> referrer_class,
-                                  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> resolved_class)
+  bool CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx,
+                                  Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                  dex::TypeIndex type_idx)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Are runtime access and instantiable checks necessary in the code?
   // out_is_finalizable is set to whether the type is finalizable.
-  bool CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> referrer_class,
-                                              ObjPtr<mirror::Class> resolved_class,
+  bool CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx,
+                                              Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                              dex::TypeIndex type_idx,
                                               bool* out_is_finalizable)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
@@ -404,6 +406,10 @@
                                       uint32_t field_idx)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  mirror::ClassLoader* GetClassLoader(const ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
+                                      const DexCompilationUnit* mUnit)
+    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
  private:
   void PreCompile(jobject class_loader,
                   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc
index e4b66eb..1e4ca16 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@
 };
 
 // Disabled due to 10 second runtime on host
-// TODO: Update the test for hash-based dex cache arrays. Bug: 30627598
 TEST_F(CompilerDriverTest, DISABLED_LARGE_CompileDexLibCore) {
   CompileAll(nullptr);
 
diff --git a/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.cc b/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.cc
index 7e8e812..47b1929 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.cc
+++ b/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
-DexCompilationUnit::DexCompilationUnit(Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+DexCompilationUnit::DexCompilationUnit(jobject class_loader,
                                        ClassLinker* class_linker,
                                        const DexFile& dex_file,
                                        const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
diff --git a/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.h b/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.h
index 24a9a5b..854927d 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.h
+++ b/compiler/driver/dex_compilation_unit.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
 class DexCompilationUnit : public DeletableArenaObject<kArenaAllocMisc> {
  public:
-  DexCompilationUnit(Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+  DexCompilationUnit(jobject class_loader,
                      ClassLinker* class_linker,
                      const DexFile& dex_file,
                      const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
                      const VerifiedMethod* verified_method,
                      Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache);
 
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> GetClassLoader() const {
+  jobject GetClassLoader() const {
     return class_loader_;
   }
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
   }
 
  private:
-  const Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
+  const jobject class_loader_;
 
   ClassLinker* const class_linker_;
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
   const uint32_t access_flags_;
   const VerifiedMethod* verified_method_;
 
-  const Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache_;
+  Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache_;
 
   std::string symbol_;
 };
diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.cc b/compiler/image_writer.cc
index 3e9ae08..c72edb1 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.cc
@@ -940,11 +940,9 @@
     }
     ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = self->DecodeJObject(data.weak_root)->AsDexCache();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
-      mirror::TypeDexCachePair pair =
-          dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes()[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-      mirror::Class* klass = pair.object.Read();
+      Class* klass = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(dex::TypeIndex(i));
       if (klass != nullptr && !KeepClass(klass)) {
-        dex_cache->ClearResolvedType(dex::TypeIndex(pair.index));
+        dex_cache->SetResolvedType(dex::TypeIndex(i), nullptr);
       }
     }
     ArtMethod** resolved_methods = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethods();
@@ -1924,7 +1922,8 @@
     // above comment for intern tables.
     ClassTable temp_class_table;
     temp_class_table.ReadFromMemory(class_table_memory_ptr);
-    ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = GetClassLoader();
+    CHECK_EQ(class_loaders_.size(), compile_app_image_ ? 1u : 0u);
+    mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = compile_app_image_ ? *class_loaders_.begin() : nullptr;
     CHECK_EQ(temp_class_table.NumZygoteClasses(class_loader),
              table->NumNonZygoteClasses(class_loader) + table->NumZygoteClasses(class_loader));
     UnbufferedRootVisitor visitor(&root_visitor, RootInfo(kRootUnknown));
@@ -2214,7 +2213,7 @@
     orig_dex_cache->FixupStrings(NativeCopyLocation(orig_strings, orig_dex_cache),
                                  ImageAddressVisitor(this));
   }
-  mirror::TypeDexCacheType* orig_types = orig_dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes();
+  GcRoot<mirror::Class>* orig_types = orig_dex_cache->GetResolvedTypes();
   if (orig_types != nullptr) {
     copy_dex_cache->SetFieldPtrWithSize<false>(mirror::DexCache::ResolvedTypesOffset(),
                                                NativeLocationInImage(orig_types),
diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.h b/compiler/image_writer.h
index bdc7146..cc7df1c 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.h
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.h
@@ -51,13 +51,8 @@
 }  // namespace space
 }  // namespace gc
 
-namespace mirror {
-class ClassLoader;
-}  // namespace mirror
-
 class ClassLoaderVisitor;
 class ClassTable;
-class ImtConflictTable;
 
 static constexpr int kInvalidFd = -1;
 
@@ -84,11 +79,6 @@
     return true;
   }
 
-  ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> GetClassLoader() {
-    CHECK_EQ(class_loaders_.size(), compile_app_image_ ? 1u : 0u);
-    return compile_app_image_ ? *class_loaders_.begin() : nullptr;
-  }
-
   template <typename T>
   T* GetImageAddress(T* object) const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     if (object == nullptr || IsInBootImage(object)) {
diff --git a/compiler/oat_writer.cc b/compiler/oat_writer.cc
index 227fdc4..bd2c5e3 100644
--- a/compiler/oat_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/oat_writer.cc
@@ -1060,7 +1060,6 @@
   WriteCodeMethodVisitor(OatWriter* writer, OutputStream* out, const size_t file_offset,
                          size_t relative_offset) SHARED_LOCK_FUNCTION(Locks::mutator_lock_)
     : OatDexMethodVisitor(writer, relative_offset),
-      class_loader_(writer->HasImage() ? writer->image_writer_->GetClassLoader() : nullptr),
       out_(out),
       file_offset_(file_offset),
       soa_(Thread::Current()),
@@ -1246,13 +1245,12 @@
   }
 
  private:
-  ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
   OutputStream* const out_;
   const size_t file_offset_;
   const ScopedObjectAccess soa_;
   const ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension no_thread_suspension_;
   ClassLinker* const class_linker_;
-  ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache_;
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> patched_code_;
 
   void ReportWriteFailure(const char* what, const ClassDataItemIterator& it) {
@@ -1263,7 +1261,7 @@
   ArtMethod* GetTargetMethod(const LinkerPatch& patch)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     MethodReference ref = patch.TargetMethod();
-    ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache =
+    mirror::DexCache* dex_cache =
         (dex_file_ == ref.dex_file) ? dex_cache_ : class_linker_->FindDexCache(
             Thread::Current(), *ref.dex_file);
     ArtMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(
@@ -1297,7 +1295,7 @@
     return target_offset;
   }
 
-  ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> GetDexCache(const DexFile* target_dex_file)
+  mirror::DexCache* GetDexCache(const DexFile* target_dex_file)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     return (target_dex_file == dex_file_)
         ? dex_cache_
@@ -1305,12 +1303,10 @@
   }
 
   mirror::Class* GetTargetType(const LinkerPatch& patch) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    DCHECK(writer_->HasImage());
-    ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = GetDexCache(patch.TargetTypeDexFile());
-    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> type =
-        ClassLinker::LookupResolvedType(patch.TargetTypeIndex(), dex_cache, class_loader_);
+    mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = GetDexCache(patch.TargetTypeDexFile());
+    mirror::Class* type = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(patch.TargetTypeIndex());
     CHECK(type != nullptr);
-    return type.Ptr();
+    return type;
   }
 
   mirror::String* GetTargetString(const LinkerPatch& patch) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/builder.h b/compiler/optimizing/builder.h
index 223439b..8cf4089 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/builder.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/builder.h
@@ -51,10 +51,7 @@
         compiler_driver_(driver),
         compilation_stats_(compiler_stats),
         block_builder_(graph, dex_file, code_item),
-        ssa_builder_(graph,
-                     dex_compilation_unit->GetClassLoader(),
-                     dex_compilation_unit->GetDexCache(),
-                     handles),
+        ssa_builder_(graph, dex_compilation_unit->GetDexCache(), handles),
         instruction_builder_(graph,
                              &block_builder_,
                              &ssa_builder_,
@@ -79,12 +76,10 @@
         code_item_(code_item),
         dex_compilation_unit_(nullptr),
         compiler_driver_(nullptr),
+        null_dex_cache_(),
         compilation_stats_(nullptr),
         block_builder_(graph, nullptr, code_item),
-        ssa_builder_(graph,
-                     handles->NewHandle<mirror::ClassLoader>(nullptr),
-                     handles->NewHandle<mirror::DexCache>(nullptr),
-                     handles),
+        ssa_builder_(graph, null_dex_cache_, handles),
         instruction_builder_(graph,
                              &block_builder_,
                              &ssa_builder_,
@@ -96,7 +91,7 @@
                              /* compiler_driver */ nullptr,
                              /* interpreter_metadata */ nullptr,
                              /* compiler_stats */ nullptr,
-                             handles->NewHandle<mirror::DexCache>(nullptr),
+                             null_dex_cache_,
                              handles) {}
 
   GraphAnalysisResult BuildGraph();
@@ -117,6 +112,8 @@
 
   CompilerDriver* const compiler_driver_;
 
+  ScopedNullHandle<mirror::DexCache> null_dex_cache_;
+
   OptimizingCompilerStats* compilation_stats_;
 
   HBasicBlockBuilder block_builder_;
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc b/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
index 22f0646..7772e8f 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@
 }
 
 static dex::TypeIndex FindClassIndexIn(mirror::Class* cls,
-                                       const DexCompilationUnit& compilation_unit)
+                                       const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                       Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache)
     REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-  const DexFile& dex_file = *compilation_unit.GetDexFile();
   dex::TypeIndex index;
   if (cls->GetDexCache() == nullptr) {
     DCHECK(cls->IsArrayClass()) << cls->PrettyClass();
@@ -209,19 +209,22 @@
     DCHECK(cls->IsProxyClass()) << cls->PrettyClass();
     // TODO: deal with proxy classes.
   } else if (IsSameDexFile(cls->GetDexFile(), dex_file)) {
-    DCHECK_EQ(cls->GetDexCache(), compilation_unit.GetDexCache().Get());
+    DCHECK_EQ(cls->GetDexCache(), dex_cache.Get());
     index = cls->GetDexTypeIndex();
+    // Update the dex cache to ensure the class is in. The generated code will
+    // consider it is. We make it safe by updating the dex cache, as other
+    // dex files might also load the class, and there is no guarantee the dex
+    // cache of the dex file of the class will be updated.
+    if (dex_cache->GetResolvedType(index) == nullptr) {
+      dex_cache->SetResolvedType(index, cls);
+    }
   } else {
     index = cls->FindTypeIndexInOtherDexFile(dex_file);
-    // We cannot guarantee the entry will resolve to the same class,
+    // We cannot guarantee the entry in the dex cache will resolve to the same class,
     // as there may be different class loaders. So only return the index if it's
-    // the right class already resolved with the class loader.
-    if (index.IsValid()) {
-      ObjPtr<mirror::Class> resolved = ClassLinker::LookupResolvedType(
-          index, compilation_unit.GetDexCache().Get(), compilation_unit.GetClassLoader().Get());
-      if (resolved != cls) {
-        index = dex::TypeIndex::Invalid();
-      }
+    // the right class in the dex cache already.
+    if (index.IsValid() && dex_cache->GetResolvedType(index) != cls) {
+      index = dex::TypeIndex::Invalid();
     }
   }
 
@@ -448,8 +451,9 @@
   DCHECK(invoke_instruction->IsInvokeVirtual() || invoke_instruction->IsInvokeInterface())
       << invoke_instruction->DebugName();
 
+  const DexFile& caller_dex_file = *caller_compilation_unit_.GetDexFile();
   dex::TypeIndex class_index = FindClassIndexIn(
-      GetMonomorphicType(classes), caller_compilation_unit_);
+      GetMonomorphicType(classes), caller_dex_file, caller_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache());
   if (!class_index.IsValid()) {
     VLOG(compiler) << "Call to " << ArtMethod::PrettyMethod(resolved_method)
                    << " from inline cache is not inlined because its class is not"
@@ -492,7 +496,6 @@
   // Run type propagation to get the guard typed, and eventually propagate the
   // type of the receiver.
   ReferenceTypePropagation rtp_fixup(graph_,
-                                     outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
                                      outer_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache(),
                                      handles_,
                                      /* is_first_run */ false);
@@ -583,6 +586,7 @@
 
   ClassLinker* class_linker = caller_compilation_unit_.GetClassLinker();
   PointerSize pointer_size = class_linker->GetImagePointerSize();
+  const DexFile& caller_dex_file = *caller_compilation_unit_.GetDexFile();
 
   bool all_targets_inlined = true;
   bool one_target_inlined = false;
@@ -604,7 +608,8 @@
     HInstruction* cursor = invoke_instruction->GetPrevious();
     HBasicBlock* bb_cursor = invoke_instruction->GetBlock();
 
-    dex::TypeIndex class_index = FindClassIndexIn(handle.Get(), caller_compilation_unit_);
+    dex::TypeIndex class_index = FindClassIndexIn(
+        handle.Get(), caller_dex_file, caller_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache());
     HInstruction* return_replacement = nullptr;
     if (!class_index.IsValid() ||
         !TryBuildAndInline(invoke_instruction,
@@ -660,7 +665,6 @@
 
   // Run type propagation to get the guards typed.
   ReferenceTypePropagation rtp_fixup(graph_,
-                                     outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
                                      outer_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache(),
                                      handles_,
                                      /* is_first_run */ false);
@@ -855,7 +859,6 @@
 
   // Run type propagation to get the guard typed.
   ReferenceTypePropagation rtp_fixup(graph_,
-                                     outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
                                      outer_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache(),
                                      handles_,
                                      /* is_first_run */ false);
@@ -924,7 +927,6 @@
     // Actual return value has a more specific type than the method's declared
     // return type. Run RTP again on the outer graph to propagate it.
     ReferenceTypePropagation(graph_,
-                             outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
                              outer_compilation_unit_.GetDexCache(),
                              handles_,
                              /* is_first_run */ false).Run();
@@ -1177,11 +1179,7 @@
       /* dex_pc */ 0);
   if (iget->GetType() == Primitive::kPrimNot) {
     // Use the same dex_cache that we used for field lookup as the hint_dex_cache.
-    ReferenceTypePropagation rtp(graph_,
-                                 outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
-                                 dex_cache,
-                                 handles_,
-                                 /* is_first_run */ false);
+    ReferenceTypePropagation rtp(graph_, dex_cache, handles_, /* is_first_run */ false);
     rtp.Visit(iget);
   }
   return iget;
@@ -1227,7 +1225,7 @@
       resolved_method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetClassLoader()));
 
   DexCompilationUnit dex_compilation_unit(
-      class_loader,
+      class_loader.ToJObject(),
       class_linker,
       callee_dex_file,
       code_item,
@@ -1343,7 +1341,6 @@
   // are more specific than the declared ones, run RTP again on the inner graph.
   if (run_rtp || ArgumentTypesMoreSpecific(invoke_instruction, resolved_method)) {
     ReferenceTypePropagation(callee_graph,
-                             outer_compilation_unit_.GetClassLoader(),
                              dex_compilation_unit.GetDexCache(),
                              handles_,
                              /* is_first_run */ false).Run();
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.cc b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.cc
index 3d911d7..cac385c 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.cc
@@ -668,10 +668,11 @@
 
 ArtMethod* HInstructionBuilder::ResolveMethod(uint16_t method_idx, InvokeType invoke_type) {
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
-  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
+  StackHandleScope<3> hs(soa.Self());
 
   ClassLinker* class_linker = dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLinker();
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader();
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader())));
   Handle<mirror::Class> compiling_class(hs.NewHandle(GetCompilingClass()));
   // We fetch the referenced class eagerly (that is, the class pointed by in the MethodId
   // at method_idx), as `CanAccessResolvedMethod` expects it be be in the dex cache.
@@ -1283,7 +1284,9 @@
 static mirror::Class* GetClassFrom(CompilerDriver* driver,
                                    const DexCompilationUnit& compilation_unit) {
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = compilation_unit.GetClassLoader();
+  StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(compilation_unit.GetClassLoader())));
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = compilation_unit.GetDexCache();
 
   return driver->ResolveCompilingMethodsClass(soa, dex_cache, class_loader, &compilation_unit);
@@ -1299,9 +1302,10 @@
 
 bool HInstructionBuilder::IsOutermostCompilingClass(dex::TypeIndex type_index) const {
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
-  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
+  StackHandleScope<3> hs(soa.Self());
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexCache();
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader();
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader())));
   Handle<mirror::Class> cls(hs.NewHandle(compiler_driver_->ResolveClass(
       soa, dex_cache, class_loader, type_index, dex_compilation_unit_)));
   Handle<mirror::Class> outer_class(hs.NewHandle(GetOutermostCompilingClass()));
@@ -1339,8 +1343,10 @@
   uint16_t field_index = instruction.VRegB_21c();
 
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  StackHandleScope<3> hs(soa.Self());
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexCache();
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader();
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader())));
   ArtField* resolved_field = compiler_driver_->ResolveField(
       soa, dex_cache, class_loader, dex_compilation_unit_, field_index, true);
 
@@ -1351,7 +1357,6 @@
     return true;
   }
 
-  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
   Primitive::Type field_type = resolved_field->GetTypeAsPrimitiveType();
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> outer_dex_cache = outer_compilation_unit_->GetDexCache();
   Handle<mirror::Class> outer_class(hs.NewHandle(GetOutermostCompilingClass()));
@@ -1630,7 +1635,9 @@
   const DexCompilationUnit* compilation_unit =
       outer ? outer_compilation_unit_ : dex_compilation_unit_;
   const DexFile& dex_file = *compilation_unit->GetDexFile();
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader();
+  StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(
+      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(dex_compilation_unit_->GetClassLoader())));
   Handle<mirror::Class> klass = handles_->NewHandle(compiler_driver_->ResolveClass(
       soa, compilation_unit->GetDexCache(), class_loader, type_index, compilation_unit));
 
@@ -1685,9 +1692,17 @@
   }
 }
 
-bool HInstructionBuilder::NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index, bool* finalizable) const {
+bool HInstructionBuilder::NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index,
+                                           Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                           bool* finalizable) const {
   return !compiler_driver_->CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(
-      LookupReferrerClass(), LookupResolvedType(type_index, *dex_compilation_unit_), finalizable);
+      dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexMethodIndex(), dex_cache, type_index, finalizable);
+}
+
+bool HInstructionBuilder::NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index, bool* finalizable) const {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexCache();
+  return NeedsAccessCheck(type_index, dex_cache, finalizable);
 }
 
 bool HInstructionBuilder::CanDecodeQuickenedInfo() const {
@@ -2727,18 +2742,4 @@
   return true;
 }  // NOLINT(readability/fn_size)
 
-ObjPtr<mirror::Class> HInstructionBuilder::LookupResolvedType(
-    dex::TypeIndex type_index,
-    const DexCompilationUnit& compilation_unit) const {
-  return ClassLinker::LookupResolvedType(
-        type_index, compilation_unit.GetDexCache().Get(), compilation_unit.GetClassLoader().Get());
-}
-
-ObjPtr<mirror::Class> HInstructionBuilder::LookupReferrerClass() const {
-  // TODO: Cache the result in a Handle<mirror::Class>.
-  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id =
-      dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexFile()->GetMethodId(dex_compilation_unit_->GetDexMethodIndex());
-  return LookupResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_, *dex_compilation_unit_);
-}
-
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.h b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.h
index 6e3b078..5efe950 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_builder.h
@@ -103,8 +103,11 @@
 
   // Returns whether the current method needs access check for the type.
   // Output parameter finalizable is set to whether the type is finalizable.
-  bool NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index, /*out*/bool* finalizable) const
+  bool NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index,
+                        Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                        /*out*/bool* finalizable) const
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  bool NeedsAccessCheck(dex::TypeIndex type_index, /*out*/bool* finalizable) const;
 
   template<typename T>
   void Unop_12x(const Instruction& instruction, Primitive::Type type, uint32_t dex_pc);
@@ -287,12 +290,6 @@
   // not be resolved.
   ArtMethod* ResolveMethod(uint16_t method_idx, InvokeType invoke_type);
 
-  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> LookupResolvedType(dex::TypeIndex type_index,
-                                           const DexCompilationUnit& compilation_unit) const
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-
-  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> LookupReferrerClass() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-
   ArenaAllocator* const arena_;
   HGraph* const graph_;
   VariableSizedHandleScope* handles_;
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
index dad87e3..297500b 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
                           InvokeType invoke_type,
                           uint16_t class_def_idx,
                           uint32_t method_idx,
-                          Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                          jobject class_loader,
                           const DexFile& dex_file,
                           Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache) const OVERRIDE;
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
                             InvokeType invoke_type,
                             uint16_t class_def_idx,
                             uint32_t method_idx,
-                            Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                            jobject class_loader,
                             const DexFile& dex_file,
                             Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                             ArtMethod* method,
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@
                                               InvokeType invoke_type,
                                               uint16_t class_def_idx,
                                               uint32_t method_idx,
-                                              Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
+                                              jobject class_loader,
                                               const DexFile& dex_file,
                                               Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                                               ArtMethod* method,
@@ -942,8 +942,11 @@
   const uint8_t* interpreter_metadata = nullptr;
   if (method == nullptr) {
     ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+    StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
+    Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> loader(hs.NewHandle(
+        soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(class_loader)));
     method = compiler_driver->ResolveMethod(
-        soa, dex_cache, class_loader, &dex_compilation_unit, method_idx, invoke_type);
+        soa, dex_cache, loader, &dex_compilation_unit, method_idx, invoke_type);
   }
   // For AOT compilation, we may not get a method, for example if its class is erroneous.
   // JIT should always have a method.
@@ -952,6 +955,16 @@
     graph->SetArtMethod(method);
     ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
     interpreter_metadata = method->GetQuickenedInfo(class_linker->GetImagePointerSize());
+    dex::TypeIndex type_index = method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetDexTypeIndex();
+
+    // Update the dex cache if the type is not in it yet. Note that under AOT,
+    // the verifier must have set it, but under JIT, there's no guarantee, as we
+    // don't necessarily run the verifier.
+    // The compiler and the compiler driver assume the compiling class is
+    // in the dex cache.
+    if (dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_index) == nullptr) {
+      dex_cache->SetResolvedType(type_index, method->GetDeclaringClass());
+    }
   }
 
   std::unique_ptr<CodeGenerator> codegen(
@@ -1031,7 +1044,7 @@
                                             InvokeType invoke_type,
                                             uint16_t class_def_idx,
                                             uint32_t method_idx,
-                                            Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> jclass_loader,
+                                            jobject jclass_loader,
                                             const DexFile& dex_file,
                                             Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache) const {
   CompilerDriver* compiler_driver = GetCompilerDriver();
@@ -1126,6 +1139,7 @@
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(method->GetDexCache()));
   DCHECK(method->IsCompilable());
 
+  jobject jclass_loader = class_loader.ToJObject();
   const DexFile* dex_file = method->GetDexFile();
   const uint16_t class_def_idx = method->GetClassDefIndex();
   const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = dex_file->GetCodeItem(method->GetCodeItemOffset());
@@ -1149,7 +1163,7 @@
                    invoke_type,
                    class_def_idx,
                    method_idx,
-                   class_loader,
+                   jclass_loader,
                    *dex_file,
                    dex_cache,
                    method,
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.cc b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.cc
index be4857a..b02f250 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.cc
@@ -66,13 +66,11 @@
 class ReferenceTypePropagation::RTPVisitor : public HGraphDelegateVisitor {
  public:
   RTPVisitor(HGraph* graph,
-             Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
              Handle<mirror::DexCache> hint_dex_cache,
              HandleCache* handle_cache,
              ArenaVector<HInstruction*>* worklist,
              bool is_first_run)
     : HGraphDelegateVisitor(graph),
-      class_loader_(class_loader),
       hint_dex_cache_(hint_dex_cache),
       handle_cache_(handle_cache),
       worklist_(worklist),
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@
                                bool is_exact);
 
  private:
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> hint_dex_cache_;
   HandleCache* handle_cache_;
   ArenaVector<HInstruction*>* worklist_;
@@ -112,13 +109,11 @@
 };
 
 ReferenceTypePropagation::ReferenceTypePropagation(HGraph* graph,
-                                                   Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
                                                    Handle<mirror::DexCache> hint_dex_cache,
                                                    VariableSizedHandleScope* handles,
                                                    bool is_first_run,
                                                    const char* name)
     : HOptimization(graph, name),
-      class_loader_(class_loader),
       hint_dex_cache_(hint_dex_cache),
       handle_cache_(handles),
       worklist_(graph->GetArena()->Adapter(kArenaAllocReferenceTypePropagation)),
@@ -153,12 +148,7 @@
 }
 
 void ReferenceTypePropagation::Visit(HInstruction* instruction) {
-  RTPVisitor visitor(graph_,
-                     class_loader_,
-                     hint_dex_cache_,
-                     &handle_cache_,
-                     &worklist_,
-                     is_first_run_);
+  RTPVisitor visitor(graph_, hint_dex_cache_, &handle_cache_, &worklist_, is_first_run_);
   instruction->Accept(&visitor);
 }
 
@@ -332,12 +322,7 @@
 }
 
 void ReferenceTypePropagation::VisitBasicBlock(HBasicBlock* block) {
-  RTPVisitor visitor(graph_,
-                     class_loader_,
-                     hint_dex_cache_,
-                     &handle_cache_,
-                     &worklist_,
-                     is_first_run_);
+  RTPVisitor visitor(graph_, hint_dex_cache_, &handle_cache_, &worklist_, is_first_run_);
   // Handle Phis first as there might be instructions in the same block who depend on them.
   for (HInstructionIterator it(block->GetPhis()); !it.Done(); it.Advance()) {
     VisitPhi(it.Current()->AsPhi());
@@ -557,10 +542,9 @@
   DCHECK_EQ(instr->GetType(), Primitive::kPrimNot);
 
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
-  ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = FindDexCacheWithHint(soa.Self(), dex_file, hint_dex_cache_);
-  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass =
-      ClassLinker::LookupResolvedType(type_idx, dex_cache, class_loader_.Get());
-  SetClassAsTypeInfo(instr, klass, is_exact);
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = FindDexCacheWithHint(soa.Self(), dex_file, hint_dex_cache_);
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier.
+  SetClassAsTypeInfo(instr, dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx), is_exact);
 }
 
 void ReferenceTypePropagation::RTPVisitor::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instr) {
@@ -573,13 +557,25 @@
   SetClassAsTypeInfo(instr, instr->GetLoadClass()->GetClass().Get(), /* is_exact */ true);
 }
 
+static mirror::Class* GetClassFromDexCache(Thread* self,
+                                           const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                           dex::TypeIndex type_idx,
+                                           Handle<mirror::DexCache> hint_dex_cache)
+    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = FindDexCacheWithHint(self, dex_file, hint_dex_cache);
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier.
+  return dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
+}
+
 void ReferenceTypePropagation::RTPVisitor::VisitParameterValue(HParameterValue* instr) {
   // We check if the existing type is valid: the inliner may have set it.
   if (instr->GetType() == Primitive::kPrimNot && !instr->GetReferenceTypeInfo().IsValid()) {
-    UpdateReferenceTypeInfo(instr,
-                            instr->GetTypeIndex(),
-                            instr->GetDexFile(),
-                            /* is_exact */ false);
+    ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+    mirror::Class* resolved_class = GetClassFromDexCache(soa.Self(),
+                                                         instr->GetDexFile(),
+                                                         instr->GetTypeIndex(),
+                                                         hint_dex_cache_);
+    SetClassAsTypeInfo(instr, resolved_class, /* is_exact */ false);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.h b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.h
index 215e967..4663471 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation.h
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 class ReferenceTypePropagation : public HOptimization {
  public:
   ReferenceTypePropagation(HGraph* graph,
-                           Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
                            Handle<mirror::DexCache> hint_dex_cache,
                            VariableSizedHandleScope* handles,
                            bool is_first_run,
@@ -106,8 +105,6 @@
 
   void ValidateTypes();
 
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
-
   // Note: hint_dex_cache_ is usually, but not necessarily, the dex cache associated with
   // graph_->GetDexFile(). Since we may look up also in other dex files, it's used only
   // as a hint, to reduce the number of calls to the costly ClassLinker::FindDexCache().
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation_test.cc b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation_test.cc
index 84a4bab..b061c87 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/reference_type_propagation_test.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
   void SetupPropagation(VariableSizedHandleScope* handles) {
     graph_->InitializeInexactObjectRTI(handles);
     propagation_ = new (&allocator_) ReferenceTypePropagation(graph_,
-                                                              Handle<mirror::ClassLoader>(),
                                                               Handle<mirror::DexCache>(),
                                                               handles,
                                                               true,
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.cc b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.cc
index d6edb65..ae1e369 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.cc
@@ -497,11 +497,7 @@
 
   // 4) Compute type of reference type instructions. The pass assumes that
   // NullConstant has been fixed up.
-  ReferenceTypePropagation(graph_,
-                           class_loader_,
-                           dex_cache_,
-                           handles_,
-                           /* is_first_run */ true).Run();
+  ReferenceTypePropagation(graph_, dex_cache_, handles_, /* is_first_run */ true).Run();
 
   // 5) HInstructionBuilder duplicated ArrayGet instructions with ambiguous type
   // (int/float or long/double) and marked ArraySets with ambiguous input type.
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.h b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.h
index 978f113..45dac54 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_builder.h
@@ -48,11 +48,9 @@
 class SsaBuilder : public ValueObject {
  public:
   SsaBuilder(HGraph* graph,
-             Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
              Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
              VariableSizedHandleScope* handles)
       : graph_(graph),
-        class_loader_(class_loader),
         dex_cache_(dex_cache),
         handles_(handles),
         agets_fixed_(false),
@@ -117,7 +115,6 @@
   void RemoveRedundantUninitializedStrings();
 
   HGraph* graph_;
-  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader_;
   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache_;
   VariableSizedHandleScope* const handles_;