Move most of runtime/base to libartbase/base

Enforce the layering that code in runtime/base should not depend on
runtime by separating it into libartbase.  Some of the code in
runtime/base depends on the Runtime class, so it cannot be moved yet.
Also, some of the tests depend on CommonRuntimeTest, which itself needs
to be factored (in a subsequent CL).

Bug: 22322814
Test: make -j 50 checkbuild
      make -j 50 test-art-host

Change-Id: I8b096c1e2542f829eb456b4b057c71421b77d7e2
diff --git a/libartbase/base/bit_string.h b/libartbase/base/bit_string.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e051f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libartbase/base/bit_string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_LIBARTBASE_BASE_BIT_STRING_H_
+#define ART_LIBARTBASE_BASE_BIT_STRING_H_
+
+#include "base/bit_struct.h"
+#include "base/bit_utils.h"
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace art {
+
+struct BitStringChar;
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BitStringChar& bc);
+
+/**
+ * A BitStringChar is a light-weight wrapper to read/write a single character
+ * into a BitString, while restricting the bitlength.
+ *
+ * This is only intended for reading/writing into temporaries, as the representation is
+ * inefficient for memory (it uses a word for the character and another word for the bitlength).
+ *
+ * See also BitString below.
+ */
+struct BitStringChar {
+  using StorageType = uint32_t;
+  static_assert(std::is_unsigned<StorageType>::value, "BitStringChar::StorageType must be unsigned");
+
+  // BitStringChars are always zero-initialized by default. Equivalent to BitStringChar(0,0).
+  BitStringChar() : data_(0u), bitlength_(0u) { }
+
+  // Create a new BitStringChar whose data bits can be at most bitlength.
+  BitStringChar(StorageType data, size_t bitlength)
+      : data_(data), bitlength_(bitlength) {
+    // All bits higher than bitlength must be set to 0.
+    DCHECK_EQ(0u, data & ~MaskLeastSignificant(bitlength_))
+        << "BitStringChar data out of range, data: " << data << ", bitlength: " << bitlength;
+  }
+
+  // What is the bitlength constraint for this character?
+  // (Data could use less bits, but this is the maximum bit capacity at that BitString position).
+  size_t GetBitLength() const {
+    return bitlength_;
+  }
+
+  // Is there any capacity in this BitStringChar to store any data?
+  bool IsEmpty() const {
+    return bitlength_ == 0;
+  }
+
+  explicit operator StorageType() const {
+    return data_;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(StorageType storage) const {
+    return data_ == storage;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(StorageType storage) const {
+    return !(*this == storage);
+  }
+
+  // Compare equality against another BitStringChar. Note: bitlength is ignored.
+  bool operator==(const BitStringChar& other) const {
+    return data_ == other.data_;
+  }
+
+  // Compare non-equality against another BitStringChar. Note: bitlength is ignored.
+  bool operator!=(const BitStringChar& other) const {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
+
+  // Add a BitStringChar with an integer. The resulting BitStringChar's data must still fit within
+  // this BitStringChar's bit length.
+  BitStringChar operator+(StorageType storage) const {
+    DCHECK_LE(storage, MaximumValue().data_ - data_) << "Addition would overflow " << *this;
+    return BitStringChar(data_ + storage, bitlength_);
+  }
+
+  // Get the maximum representible value with the same bitlength.
+  // (Useful to figure out the maximum value for this BitString position.)
+  BitStringChar MaximumValue() const {
+    StorageType maximimum_data = MaxInt<StorageType>(bitlength_);
+    return BitStringChar(maximimum_data, bitlength_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  StorageType data_;  // Unused bits (outside of bitlength) are 0.
+  size_t bitlength_;
+  // Logically const. Physically non-const so operator= still works.
+};
+
+// Print e.g. "BitStringChar<10>(123)" where 10=bitlength, 123=data.
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BitStringChar& bc) {
+  os << "BitStringChar<" << bc.GetBitLength() << ">("
+     << static_cast<BitStringChar::StorageType>(bc) << ")";
+  return os;
+}
+
+/**
+ *                           BitString
+ *
+ * MSB (most significant bit)                                LSB
+ *  +------------+-----+------------+------------+------------+
+ *  |            |     |            |            |            |
+ *  |   CharN    | ... |    Char2   |   Char1    |   Char0    |
+ *  |            |     |            |            |            |
+ *  +------------+-----+------------+------------+------------+
+ *   <- len[N] ->  ...  <- len[2] -> <- len[1] -> <- len[0] ->
+ *
+ * Stores up to "N+1" characters in a subset of a machine word. Each character has a different
+ * bitlength, as defined by len[pos]. This BitString can be nested inside of a BitStruct
+ * (see e.g. SubtypeCheckBitsAndStatus).
+ *
+ * Definitions:
+ *
+ *  "ABCDE...K"       := [A,B,C,D,E, ... K] + [0]*(N-idx(K)) s.t. N >= K.
+ *                    // Padded with trailing 0s to fit (N+1) bitstring chars.
+ *  MaxBitstringLen   := N+1
+ *  StrLen(Bitstring) := I s.t. (I == 0 OR Char(I-1) != 0)
+ *                              AND forall char in CharI..CharN : char == 0
+ *                    // = Maximum length - the # of consecutive trailing zeroes.
+ *  Bitstring[N]      := CharN
+ *  Bitstring[I..N)   := [CharI, CharI+1, ... CharN-1]
+ *
+ * (These are used by the SubtypeCheckInfo definitions and invariants, see subtype_check_info.h)
+ */
+struct BitString {
+  using StorageType = BitStringChar::StorageType;
+
+  // As this is meant to be used only with "SubtypeCheckInfo",
+  // the bitlengths and the maximum string length is tuned by maximizing the coverage of "Assigned"
+  // bitstrings for instance-of and check-cast targets during Optimizing compilation.
+  static constexpr size_t kBitSizeAtPosition[] = {12, 4, 11};         // len[] from header docs.
+  static constexpr size_t kCapacity = arraysize(kBitSizeAtPosition);  // MaxBitstringLen above.
+
+  // How many bits are needed to represent BitString[0..position)?
+  static constexpr size_t GetBitLengthTotalAtPosition(size_t position) {
+    size_t idx = 0;
+    size_t sum = 0;
+    while (idx < position && idx < kCapacity) {
+      sum += kBitSizeAtPosition[idx];
+      ++idx;
+    }
+    // TODO: precompute with CreateArray helper.
+
+    return sum;
+  }
+
+  // What is the least-significant-bit for a position?
+  // (e.g. to use with BitField{Insert,Extract,Clear}.)
+  static constexpr size_t GetLsbForPosition(size_t position) {
+    DCHECK_GE(kCapacity, position);
+    return GetBitLengthTotalAtPosition(position);
+  }
+
+  // How many bits are needed for a BitStringChar at the position?
+  // Returns 0 if the position is out of range.
+  static constexpr size_t MaybeGetBitLengthAtPosition(size_t position) {
+    if (position >= kCapacity) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return kBitSizeAtPosition[position];
+  }
+
+  // Read a bitchar at some index within the capacity.
+  // See also "BitString[N]" in the doc header.
+  BitStringChar operator[](size_t idx) const {
+    DCHECK_LT(idx, kCapacity);
+
+    StorageType data = BitFieldExtract(storage_, GetLsbForPosition(idx), kBitSizeAtPosition[idx]);
+
+    return BitStringChar(data, kBitSizeAtPosition[idx]);
+  }
+
+  // Overwrite a bitchar at a position with a new one.
+  //
+  // The `bitchar` bitlength must be no more than the maximum bitlength for that position.
+  void SetAt(size_t idx, BitStringChar bitchar) {
+    DCHECK_LT(idx, kCapacity);
+    DCHECK_LE(bitchar.GetBitLength(), kBitSizeAtPosition[idx]);
+
+    // Read the bitchar: Bits > bitlength in bitchar are defined to be 0.
+    storage_ = BitFieldInsert(storage_,
+                              static_cast<StorageType>(bitchar),
+                              GetLsbForPosition(idx),
+                              kBitSizeAtPosition[idx]);
+  }
+
+  // How many characters are there in this bitstring?
+  // Trailing 0s are ignored, but 0s in-between are counted.
+  // See also "StrLen(BitString)" in the doc header.
+  size_t Length() const {
+    size_t num_trailing_zeros = 0;
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = kCapacity - 1u; ; --i) {
+      BitStringChar bc = (*this)[i];
+      if (bc != 0u) {
+        break;  // Found first trailing non-zero.
+      }
+
+      ++num_trailing_zeros;
+      if (i == 0u) {
+        break;  // No more bitchars remaining: don't underflow.
+      }
+    }
+
+    return kCapacity - num_trailing_zeros;
+  }
+
+  // Cast to the underlying integral storage type.
+  explicit operator StorageType() const {
+    return storage_;
+  }
+
+  // Get the # of bits this would use if it was nested inside of a BitStruct.
+  static constexpr size_t BitStructSizeOf() {
+    return GetBitLengthTotalAtPosition(kCapacity);
+  }
+
+  BitString() = default;
+
+  // Efficient O(1) comparison: Equal if both bitstring words are the same.
+  bool operator==(const BitString& other) const {
+    return storage_ == other.storage_;
+  }
+
+  // Efficient O(1) negative comparison: Not-equal if both bitstring words are different.
+  bool operator!=(const BitString& other) const {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
+
+  // Does this bitstring contain exactly 0 characters?
+  bool IsEmpty() const {
+    return (*this) == BitString{};
+  }
+
+  // Remove all BitStringChars starting at end.
+  // Returns the BitString[0..end) substring as a copy.
+  // See also "BitString[I..N)" in the doc header.
+  BitString Truncate(size_t end) {
+    DCHECK_GE(kCapacity, end);
+    BitString copy = *this;
+
+    if (end < kCapacity) {
+      size_t lsb = GetLsbForPosition(end);
+      size_t bit_size = GetLsbForPosition(kCapacity) - lsb;
+      StorageType data = BitFieldClear(copy.storage_, lsb, bit_size);
+      copy.storage_ = data;
+    }
+
+    return copy;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BitString& bit_string);
+
+  // Data is stored with the first character in the least-significant-bit.
+  // Unused bits are zero.
+  StorageType storage_;
+};
+
+static_assert(BitSizeOf<BitString::StorageType>() >=
+                  BitString::GetBitLengthTotalAtPosition(BitString::kCapacity),
+              "Storage type is too small for the # of bits requested");
+
+// Print e.g. "BitString[1,0,3]". Trailing 0s are dropped.
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BitString& bit_string) {
+  const size_t length = bit_string.Length();
+
+  os << "BitString[";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    BitStringChar bc = bit_string[i];
+    if (i != 0) {
+      os << ",";
+    }
+    os << static_cast<BitString::StorageType>(bc);
+  }
+  os << "]";
+  return os;
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_LIBARTBASE_BASE_BIT_STRING_H_