/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {

  /// CHECK-START: int Main.sieve(int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: int Main.sieve(int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static int sieve(int size) {
    int primeCount = 0;
    boolean[] flags = new boolean[size + 1];
    for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) flags[i] = true; // Can eliminate.
    for (int i = 2; i < size; i++) {
      if (flags[i]) { // Can eliminate.
        primeCount++;
        for (int k = i + 1; k <= size; k += i)
          flags[k - 1] = false; // Can't eliminate yet due to (k+i) may overflow.
      }
    }
    return primeCount;
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.narrow(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.narrow(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void narrow(int[] array, int offset) {
    if (offset < 0) {
      return;
    }
    if (offset < array.length) {
      // offset is in range [0, array.length-1].
      // Bounds check can be eliminated.
      array[offset] = 1;

      int biased_offset1 = offset + 1;
      // biased_offset1 is in range [1, array.length].
      if (biased_offset1 < array.length) {
        // biased_offset1 is in range [1, array.length-1].
        // Bounds check can be eliminated.
        array[biased_offset1] = 1;
      }

      int biased_offset2 = offset + 0x70000000;
      // biased_offset2 is in range [0x70000000, array.length-1+0x70000000].
      // It may overflow and be negative.
      if (biased_offset2 < array.length) {
        // Even with this test, biased_offset2 can be negative so we can't
        // eliminate this bounds check.
        array[biased_offset2] = 1;
      }

      // offset_sub1 won't underflow since offset is no less than 0.
      int offset_sub1 = offset - Integer.MAX_VALUE;
      if (offset_sub1 >= 0) {
        array[offset_sub1] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
      }

      // offset_sub2 can underflow.
      int offset_sub2 = offset_sub1 - Integer.MAX_VALUE;
      if (offset_sub2 >= 0) {
        array[offset_sub2] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
      }
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing1(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing1(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing1(int[] array) {
    // Decreasing order: bc for 5 but not for 4.
    array[5] = 11;
    array[4] = 11;
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.$opt$noinline$constantIndexing2(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.$opt$noinline$constantIndexing2(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void $opt$noinline$constantIndexing2(int[] array) {
    array[1] = 1;
    array[2] = 1;
    array[3] = 1;
    array[4] = 1;
    if (array[1] != 1) {
      throw new Error("");
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing2b(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing2b(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing2b(int[] array) {
    array[0] = 6;
    array[1] = 6;
    array[2] = 6;
    array[3] = 6;
    array[-1] = 1;  // prevents the whole opt on [-1:4]
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing2c(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing2c(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing2c(int[] array) {
    array[0] = 7;
    array[1] = 7;
    array[2] = 7;
    array[3] = 7;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: int[] Main.constantIndexing3(int[], int[], boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: int[] Main.constantIndexing3(int[], int[], boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static int[] constantIndexing3(int[] array1, int[] array2, boolean copy) {
    if (!copy) {
      return array1;
    }
    array2[0] = array1[0];
    array2[1] = array1[1];
    array2[2] = array1[2];
    array2[3] = array1[3];
    return array2;
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing4(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing4(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  // There is only one array access. It's not beneficial
  // to create a compare with deoptimization instruction.
  static void constantIndexing4(int[] array) {
    array[0] = -1;
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing5(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing5(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing5(int[] array) {
    // We don't apply the deoptimization for very large constant index
    // since it's likely to be an anomaly and will throw AIOOBE.
    array[Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1000] = 1;
    array[Integer.MAX_VALUE - 999] = 1;
    array[Integer.MAX_VALUE - 998] = 1;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing6(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing6(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing6(int[] array) {
    array[3] = 111;
    array[4] = 111;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing7(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing7(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing7(int[] array, int base) {
    // With constant offsets to symbolic base.
    array[base]     = 10;
    array[base + 1] = 20;
    array[base + 2] = 30;
    array[base + 3] = 40;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing8(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing8(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing8(int[] array, int base) {
    // With constant offsets "both ways" to symbolic base.
    array[base - 1] = 100;
    array[base]     = 200;
    array[base + 1] = 300;
    array[base + 2] = 400;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing9(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing9(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck

  static void constantIndexing9(int[] array, int base) {
    // Final range is base..base+3 so conditional
    // references may be included in the end.
    array[base] = 0;
    if (base != 12345)
      array[base + 2] = 2;
    array[base + 3] = 3;
    if (base != 67890)
      array[base + 1] = 1;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing10(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantIndexing10(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantIndexing10(int[] array, int base) {
    // Offset hidden in incremented base.
    array[base] = 1;
    array[++base] = 2;
    array[++base] = 3;
    array[++base] = 4;
  }

  static void runAllConstantIndices() {
    int[] a1 = { 0 };
    int[] a6 = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

    boolean caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing1(a1);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 1 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing1(a6);
    if (a6[4] != 11 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 1 failed!");
    }

    $opt$noinline$constantIndexing2(a6);
    if (a6[0] != 0 || a6[1] != 1 || a6[2] != 1 ||
        a6[3] != 1 || a6[4] != 1 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 2 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing2b(a6);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || a6[0] != 6 || a6[1] != 6 || a6[2] != 6 ||
                   a6[3] != 6 || a6[4] != 1 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 2b failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing2c(a1);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || a1[0] != 7) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 2c failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing2c(a6);
    if (a6[0] != 7 || a6[1] != 7 || a6[2] != 7 ||
        a6[3] != 7 || a6[4] != 1 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 2c failed!");
    }

    int[] b4 = new int[4];
    constantIndexing3(a6, b4, true);
    if (b4[0] != 7 || b4[1] != 7 || b4[2] != 7 || b4[3] != 7) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 3 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing4(a1);
    if (a1[0] != -1) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 4 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing5(a6);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 5 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing6(a6);
    if (a6[0] != 7   || a6[1] != 7   || a6[2] != 7 ||
        a6[3] != 111 || a6[4] != 111 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 6 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing7(a6, 1);
    if (a6[0] != 7  || a6[1] != 10 || a6[2] != 20 ||
        a6[3] != 30 || a6[4] != 40 || a6[5] != 11) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 7 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing7(a6, 5);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || a6[0] != 7  || a6[1] != 10 || a6[2] != 20 ||
                   a6[3] != 30 || a6[4] != 40 || a6[5] != 10) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 7 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing8(a6, 1);
    if (a6[0] != 100 || a6[1] != 200 || a6[2] != 300 ||
        a6[3] != 400 || a6[4] != 40  || a6[5] != 10) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 8 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    try {
      constantIndexing8(a6, 0);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || a6[0] != 100) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 8 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing9(a6, 0);
    if (a6[0] != 0 || a6[1] != 1  || a6[2] != 2  ||
        a6[3] != 3 || a6[4] != 40 || a6[5] != 10) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 9 failed!");
    }

    constantIndexing10(a6, 0);
    if (a6[0] != 1 || a6[1] != 2  || a6[2] != 3  ||
        a6[3] != 4 || a6[4] != 40 || a6[5] != 10) {
      System.out.println("constant indices 10 failed!");
    }
  }

  // A helper into which the actual throwing function should be inlined.
  static void constantIndexingForward6(int[] array) {
    assertIsManaged();
    constantIndexing6(array);
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern1(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern1(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void loopPattern1(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = -1; i < array.length; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= array.length; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i += 2) {
      // We don't have any assumption on max array length yet.
      // Bounds check can't be eliminated due to overflow concern.
      array[i] = 1;
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i += 2) {
      // Bounds check can be eliminated since i is odd so the last
      // i that's less than array.length is at most (Integer.MAX_VALUE - 2).
      array[i] = 1;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern2(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern2(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void loopPattern2(int[] array) {
    for (int i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = array.length; i > 0; i--) {
      array[i - 1] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = array.length; i >= 0; i--) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = array.length; i >= 0; i--) {
      array[i - 1] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = array.length; i > 0; i -= 20) {
      // For i >= 0, (i - 20 - 1) is guaranteed not to underflow.
      array[i - 1] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern3(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.loopPattern3(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void loopPattern3(int[] array) {
    java.util.Random random = new java.util.Random();
    for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
      if (random.nextInt() % 1000 == 0 && i < array.length) {
        // Can't eliminate the bound check since not every i++ is
        // matched with a array length check, so there is some chance that i
        // overflows and is negative.
        array[i] = 1;
      }
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantNewArray() BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.constantNewArray() BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void constantNewArray() {
    int[] array = new int[10];
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
      array[i] = 1;  // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
    }

    array[0] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    array[9] = 1;  // Bounds check can be eliminated.
    array[10] = 1; // Bounds check can't be eliminated.
  }


  static byte readData() {
    return 1;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.circularBufferProducer() BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.circularBufferProducer() BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void circularBufferProducer() {
    byte[] array = new byte[4096];
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
      array[i & (array.length - 1)] = readData();
      i++;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid1(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid1(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  // Set array to something like {0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0}.
  static void pyramid1(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < (array.length + 1) / 2; i++) {
      array[i] = i;
      array[array.length - 1 - i] = i;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid2(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid2(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  // Set array to something like {0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0}.
  static void pyramid2(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < (array.length + 1) >> 1; i++) {
      array[i] = i;
      array[array.length - 1 - i] = i;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid3(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.pyramid3(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  // Set array to something like {0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0}.
  static void pyramid3(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < (array.length + 1) >>> 1; i++) {
      array[i] = i;
      array[array.length - 1 - i] = i;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: boolean Main.isPyramid(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: boolean Main.isPyramid(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  static boolean isPyramid(int[] array) {
    int i = 0;
    int j = array.length - 1;
    while (i <= j) {
      if (array[i] != i) {
        return false;
      }
      if (array[j] != i) {
        return false;
      }
      i++; j--;
    }
    return true;
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex1(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex1(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  public static void modArrayIndex1(int[] array) {
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      // Cannot statically eliminate, for example, when array.length == 5.
      // Currently dynamic BCE isn't applied for this case.
      array[i % 10] = i;
      // Can be eliminated by BCE.
      array[i % array.length] = i;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex2(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex2(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  public static void modArrayIndex2(int array[], int index) {
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      // Both bounds checks cannot be statically eliminated, because index can be < 0.
      // Currently dynamic BCE isn't applied for this case.
      array[(index+i) % 10] = i;
      array[(index+i) % array.length] = i;
    }
  }

  static final int[] staticArray = new int[10];

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex3() BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex3() BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  public static void modArrayIndex3() {
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      // Currently dynamic BCE isn't applied for this case.
      staticArray[i % 10] = i;
      // Can be eliminated by BCE.
      staticArray[i % staticArray.length] = i;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex4() BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex4() BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  public static void modArrayIndex4() {
    int[] array = new int[20];
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      // The local array length is statically know. Both can be eliminated by BCE.
      array[i % 10] = i;
      array[i % array.length] = i;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex5(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.modArrayIndex5(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: ArraySet
  public static void modArrayIndex5(int[] x, int i) {
    while (true) {
      int xi = i % x.length;
      if (xi < 0)
        break;
      if (i >= x.length)
        break;
      x[xi] = i;
      i++;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.bubbleSort(int[]) GVN (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.bubbleSort(int[]) GVN (after)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.bubbleSort(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  static void bubbleSort(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < array.length - i - 1; j++) {
        if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
          int temp = array[j + 1];
          array[j + 1] = array[j];
          array[j] = temp;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.nonzeroLength(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.nonzeroLength(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  public static void nonzeroLength(int[] a) {
    if (a.length != 0) {
      a[0] = 112;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.knownLength(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-DAG: BoundsCheck
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.knownLength(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  public static void knownLength(int[] a) {
    if (a.length == 2) {
      a[0] = -1;
      a[1] = -2;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias1(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Arr:l\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Par:i\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Nul:l\d+>> NullCheck [<<Arr>>]           loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Len:i\d+>> ArrayLength [<<Nul>>]         loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG:              NotEqual [<<Par>>,<<Len>>]    loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Idx:i\d+>> Phi                           loop:<<Loop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:              BoundsCheck [<<Idx>>,<<Len>>] loop:<<Loop>>
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias1(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT:              BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT:              Deoptimize
  public static void lengthAlias1(int[] a, int len) {
    if (len == a.length) {
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        a[i] = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias2(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Arr:l\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Par:i\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Nul:l\d+>> NullCheck [<<Arr>>]           loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Len:i\d+>> ArrayLength [<<Nul>>]         loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG:              Equal [<<Par>>,<<Len>>]       loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Idx:i\d+>> Phi                           loop:<<Loop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:              BoundsCheck [<<Idx>>,<<Len>>] loop:<<Loop>>
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias2(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT:              BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT:              Deoptimize
  public static void lengthAlias2(int[] a, int len) {
    if (len != a.length) {
      return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      a[i] = 2;
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias3(int[], int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Arr:l\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Par:i\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Nul:l\d+>> NullCheck [<<Arr>>]           loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Len:i\d+>> ArrayLength [<<Nul>>]         loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG:              NotEqual [<<Par>>,<<Len>>]    loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Idx:i\d+>> Phi                           loop:<<Loop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:              BoundsCheck [<<Idx>>,<<Len>>] loop:<<Loop>>
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias3(int[], int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT:              BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT:              Deoptimize
  public static void lengthAlias3(int[] a, int len) {
    if (a.length == len) {
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        a[i] = 3;
      }
    }
  }

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias4(int[]) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Arr:l\d+>> ParameterValue                loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Val:i\d+>> IntConstant 8                 loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Nul:l\d+>> NullCheck [<<Arr>>]           loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Len:i\d+>> ArrayLength [<<Nul>>]         loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG:              Equal [<<Len>>,<<Val>>]       loop:none
  /// CHECK-DAG: <<Idx:i\d+>> Phi                           loop:<<Loop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:              BoundsCheck [<<Idx>>,<<Val>>] loop:<<Loop>>
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.lengthAlias4(int[]) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT:              BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT:              Deoptimize
  public static void lengthAlias4(int[] a) {
    if (8 != a.length) {
      return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      a[i] = 4;
    }
  }

  static int[][] mA;

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.dynamicBCEAndIntrinsic(int) BCE (before)
  //  Array references mA[i] and ..[j] both in inner loop.
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Get1:l\d+>>  ArrayGet [<<Array1:l\d+>>,<<Bounds1:i\d+>>] loop:<<InnerLoop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Array1>>     NullCheck [<<Field1:l\d+>>]                 loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Len1:i\d+>>  ArrayLength [<<Array1>>]                    loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Bounds1>>    BoundsCheck [<<Index1:i\d+>>,<<Len1>>]      loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Get2:i\d+>>  ArrayGet [<<Array2:l\d+>>,<<Bounds2:i\d+>>] loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Array2>>     NullCheck [<<Get1>>]                        loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Len2:i\d+>>  ArrayLength [<<Array2>>]                    loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Bounds2>>    BoundsCheck [<<Index2:i\d+>>,<<Len2>>]      loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:                 Abs [<<Get2>>]                              loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Index2>>     Phi                                         loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Index1>>     Phi                                         loop:<<OuterLoop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Field1>>     StaticFieldGet                              loop:none
  /// CHECK-EVAL: "<<InnerLoop>>" != "<<OuterLoop>>"
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.dynamicBCEAndIntrinsic(int) BCE (after)
  //  Array reference mA[i] hoisted to same level as deopt.
  /// CHECK-DAG:                 Deoptimize                                  loop:<<OuterLoop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:                 ArrayLength                                 loop:<<OuterLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Get1:l\d+>>  ArrayGet [<<Array1:l\d+>>,<<Index1:i\d+>>]  loop:<<OuterLoop>>
  //  Array reference ..[j] still in inner loop, with a direct index.
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Get2:i\d+>>  ArrayGet [<<Array2:l\d+>>,<<Index2:i\d+>>]  loop:<<InnerLoop:B\d+>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:                 Abs [<<Get2>>]                              loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Index2>>     Phi                                         loop:<<InnerLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Index1>>     Phi                                         loop:<<OuterLoop>>
  //  Synthetic phi.
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Array2>>     Phi                                         loop:<<OuterLoop>>
  /// CHECK-DAG:  <<Array1>>     StaticFieldGet                              loop:none
  /// CHECK-EVAL: "<<InnerLoop>>" != "<<OuterLoop>>"
  //
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.dynamicBCEAndIntrinsic(int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: NullCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  static void dynamicBCEAndIntrinsic(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        // Since intrinsic call cannot modify fields or arrays,
        // dynamic BCE and hoisting can be applied to the inner loop.
        mA[i][j] = Math.abs(mA[i][j]);
      }
    }
  }

  static int foo() {
    try {
      assertIsManaged();
      // This will cause AIOOBE.
      $opt$noinline$constantIndexing2(new int[3]);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      assertIsManaged();  // This is to ensure that single-frame deoptimization works.
                          // Will need to be updated if $opt$noinline$constantIndexing2 is inlined.
      try {
        // This will cause AIOOBE.
        constantIndexingForward6(new int[3]);
      } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e2) {
        // Having deopted, we expect to be running interpreted at this point.
        // Does not apply to debuggable, however, since we do not inline.
        return 99;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }


  int sum;

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo1(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo1(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo1(int[] array, int start, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. Two for the index
    // and one for null check on array (to hoist null
    // check and array.length out of loop).
    for (int i = start ; i < end; i++) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      array[i] = 1;
      sum += array[i];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo2(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo2(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo2(int[] array, int start, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. Two for the index
    // and one for null check on array (to hoist null
    // check and array.length out of loop).
    for (int i = start ; i <= end; i++) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      array[i] = 1;
      sum += array[i];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo3(int[], int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo3(int[], int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo3(int[] array, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. Two for the index
    // and one for null check on array (to hoist null check
    // and array.length out of loop).
    for (int i = 3 ; i <= end; i++) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      array[i] = 1;
      sum += array[i];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo4(int[], int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo4(int[], int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo4(int[] array, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. Two for the index
    // and one for null check on array (to hoist null check
    // and array.length out of loop).
    for (int i = end ; i > 0; i--) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      array[i - 1] = 1;
      sum += array[i - 1];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo5(int[], int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo5(int[], int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo5(int[] array, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    // Bounds check in this loop can be eliminated without deoptimization.
    for (int i = array.length - 1 ; i >= 0; i--) {
      array[i] = 1;
    }
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added for the bounds.
    // The null check is not necessary.
    for (int i = end - 2 ; i > 0; i--) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      sum += array[i - 1];
      sum += array[i];
      sum += array[i + 1];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo6(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo6(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo6(int[] array, int start, int end, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    if (end < 0)
      throw new Error("");
    for (int i = end; i >= start; i--) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      array[i] = (array[i-2] + array[i-1] + array[i] + array[i+1] + array[i+2]) / 5;
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo7(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo7(int[], int, int, boolean) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo7(int[] array, int start, int end, boolean lowEnd) {
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. One for the index
    // and one for null check on array (to hoist null
    // check and array.length out of loop).
    for (int i = start ; i < end; i++) {
      if (lowEnd) {
        // This array access isn't certain. So we don't
        // use +1000 offset in decision making for deoptimization
        // conditions.
        sum += array[i + 1000];
      }
      sum += array[i];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo8(int[][], int, int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo8(int[][], int, int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet
  //  Added blocks at end for deoptimization.
  /// CHECK: Exit
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: If
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto
  /// CHECK: Goto

  void foo8(int[][] matrix, int start, int end) {
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added for the outer loop,
    // two for the index, and null check on matrix. Same
    // for the inner loop.
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      int[] row = matrix[i];
      for (int j = start; j < end; j++) {
        row[j] = 1;
      }
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo9(int[], boolean) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: NullCheck
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo9(int[], boolean) BCE (after)
  //  The loop is guaranteed to be entered. No need to transform the
  //  loop for loop body entry test.
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Phi
  /// CHECK-NOT: NullCheck
  /// CHECK-NOT: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArrayGet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.foo9(int[], boolean) instruction_simplifier$before_codegen (after)
  //  Simplification removes the redundant check
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize

  void foo9(int[] array, boolean expectInterpreter) {
    // Three HDeoptimize will be added. Two for the index and one for null check on array. Then
    // simplification removes one redundant HDeoptimize.
    for (int i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) {
      if (expectInterpreter) {
        assertIsInterpreted();
      } else {
        assertIsManaged();
      }
      sum += array[i];
    }
  }


  /// CHECK-START: void Main.partialLooping(int[], int, int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.partialLooping(int[], int, int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK-NOT: Deoptimize
  /// CHECK: BoundsCheck
  /// CHECK: ArraySet

  void partialLooping(int[] array, int start, int end) {
    // This loop doesn't cover the full range of [start, end) so
    // adding deoptimization is too aggressive, since end can be
    // greater than array.length but the loop is never going to work on
    // more than 2 elements.
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (i == 2) {
        return;
      }
      array[i] = 1;
    }
  }


  static void testUnknownBounds() {
    boolean caught = false;

    runAllConstantIndices();

    Main main = new Main();
    main.foo1(new int[10], 0, 10, false);
    if (main.sum != 10) {
      System.out.println("foo1 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo1(new int[10], 0, 11, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || main.sum != 10) {
      System.out.println("foo1 exception failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    main.foo2(new int[10], 0, 9, false);
    if (main.sum != 10) {
      System.out.println("foo2 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo2(new int[10], 0, 10, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || main.sum != 10) {
      System.out.println("foo2 exception failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    main.foo3(new int[10], 9, false);
    if (main.sum != 7) {
      System.out.println("foo3 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo3(new int[10], 10, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || main.sum != 7) {
      System.out.println("foo3 exception failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    main.foo4(new int[10], 10, false);
    if (main.sum != 10) {
      System.out.println("foo4 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo4(new int[10], 11, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || main.sum != 0) {
      System.out.println("foo4 exception failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    main.foo5(new int[10], 10, false);
    if (main.sum != 24) {
      System.out.println("foo5 failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo5(new int[10], 11, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught || main.sum != 2) {
      System.out.println("foo5 exception failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    main.foo6(new int[10], 2, 7, false);

    main = new Main();
    int[] array9 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    main.foo9(array9, false);
    if (main.sum != 45) {
      System.out.println("foo9 failed!");
    }

    main = new Main();
    int[] array = new int[4];
    main.partialLooping(new int[3], 0, 4);
    if ((array[0] != 1) && (array[1] != 1) &&
        (array[2] != 0) && (array[3] != 0)) {
      System.out.println("partialLooping failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo6(new int[10], 2, 8, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught) {
      System.out.println("foo6 exception failed!");
    }

    caught = false;
    main = new Main();
    try {
      main.foo6(new int[10], 1, 7, true);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      caught = true;
    }
    if (!caught) {
      System.out.println("foo6 exception failed!");
    }

  }

  public void testExceptionMessage() {
    short[] B1 = new short[5];
    int[] B2 = new int[5];
    Exception err = null;
    try {
      testExceptionMessage1(B1, B2, null, -1, 6);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      err = e;
    }
    System.out.println(err);
  }

  void testExceptionMessage1(short[] a1, int[] a2, long a3[], int start, int finish) {
    int j = finish + 77;
    // Bug: 22665511
    // A deoptimization will be triggered here right before the loop. Need to make
    // sure the value of j is preserved for the interpreter.
    for (int i = start; i <= finish; i++) {
      a2[j - 1] = a1[i + 1];
    }
  }

  // Tests `setZeroToRange` with a range of values. Checks for exceptions as well as the correctness
  // of setting the right values to zero.
  static void $noinline$testSetZeroToRange() {
    for (int start = -2; start < 7; ++start) {
      for (int len = -2; len < 7; ++len) {
        int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        final int lower = start;
        final int upper = start + len - 1;
        // We expect an exception if:
        //  * The first value is out of range, or
        //  * The last value is more than the length of the array.
        // Note that if `upper < 0` it means that we will only do one iteration of the do while in
        // `setZeroToRange` so we have the exception covered with the `lower` checks.
        final boolean expected_exception =
                (lower < 0) || (lower >= array.length) || (upper >= array.length);
        try {
          $noinline$setZeroToRange(array, start, len);
          if (expected_exception) {
              System.out.println("Missing ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException for start " + start
                      + " and len " + len);
          }
          $noinline$checkZerosForSetZeroToRange(array, start, len);
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
          if (!expected_exception) {
              System.out.println("Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException for start " + start
                      + " and len " + len);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // TODO(solanes): Improve the code to replace the following BoundsCheck with HDeoptimize
  // instructions. See b/304967775 and aosp/2804075.

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.$noinline$setZeroToRange(int[], int, int) BCE (before)
  /// CHECK:     BoundsCheck

  /// CHECK-START: void Main.$noinline$setZeroToRange(int[], int, int) BCE (after)
  /// CHECK:     BoundsCheck

  // Sets to `0` the values of `arr` in the range `[start, len)`.
  static void $noinline$setZeroToRange(int[] arr, int start, int len) {
    int charPos = start;
    do {
      arr[charPos++] = 0;
    } while (charPos < start + len);
  }

  static void $noinline$checkZerosForSetZeroToRange(int[] arr, int start, int len) {
    // Non-zeroes before zeroes.
    int i = 0;
    for (; i < Math.min(start, arr.length); ++i) {
      if (arr[i] == 0) {
        System.out.println("Expected non-zero for arr " + Arrays.toString(arr) + " before zeroes i "
                + i + " start " + start + " and len " + len);
      }
    }

    int bound = start + len;
    if (bound < 1 || len < 1) {
      // We always set one zero since it is a do-while.
      bound = i + 1;
    }

    for (; i < Math.min(bound, arr.length); ++i) {
      if (arr[i] != 0) {
        System.out.println("Expected zero for arr " + Arrays.toString(arr) + " i " + i + " start "
                + start + " and len " + len);
      }
    }

    // Then zeroes until the end.
    for (; i < arr.length; ++i) {
      if (arr[i] == 0) {
        System.out.println("Expected non-zero after zeroes for arr " + Arrays.toString(arr) + " i "
                + i + " start " + start + " and len " + len);
      }
    }
  }

  // Make sure this method is compiled with optimizing.
  /// CHECK-START: void Main.main(java.lang.String[]) register (after)
  /// CHECK: ParallelMove

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.loadLibrary(args[0]);

    if (!compiledWithOptimizing() ||
        !hasOatFile() ||
        runtimeIsSoftFail() ||
        isInterpreted()) {
      disableStackFrameAsserts();
    }

    sieve(20);

    int[] x1 = new int[10];
    int[] x2 = new int[10];
    int[] x3 = new int[10];
    modArrayIndex5(x1, -1);
    modArrayIndex5(x2, 0);
    modArrayIndex5(x3, 5);
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      int e1 = 0;
      int e2 = i;
      int e3 = i < 5 ? 0 : i;
      if (x1[i] != e1 || x2[i] != e2 || x3[i] != e3) {
        System.out.println("modarray failed!");
      }
    }

    int[] array = {5, 2, 3, 7, 0, 1, 6, 4};
    bubbleSort(array);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      if (array[i] != i) {
        System.out.println("bubble sort failed!");
      }
    }

    nonzeroLength(array);
    if (array[0] != 112) {
      System.out.println("nonzero length failed!");
    }

    knownLength(array);
    if (array[0] != 112 || array[1] != 1) {
      System.out.println("nonzero length failed!");
    }
    array = new int[2];
    knownLength(array);
    if (array[0] != -1 || array[1] != -2) {
      System.out.println("nonzero length failed!");
    }

    array = new int[8];
    lengthAlias1(array, 8);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 1) {
        System.out.println("alias1 failed!");
      }
    }
    lengthAlias2(array, 8);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 2) {
        System.out.println("alias2 failed!");
      }
    }
    lengthAlias3(array, 8);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 3) {
        System.out.println("alias3 failed!");
      }
    }
    lengthAlias4(array);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 4) {
        System.out.println("alias4 failed!");
      }
    }

    array = new int[10];
    lengthAlias1(array, /*mismatched value*/ 8);
    lengthAlias2(array, /*mismatched value*/ 8);
    lengthAlias3(array, /*mismatched value*/ 8);
    lengthAlias4(array);  // implicit mismatch
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      if (array[i] != 0) {
        System.out.println("mismatch failed!");
      }
    }

    // Zero length array does not break.
    array = new int[0];
    nonzeroLength(array);
    knownLength(array);
    lengthAlias1(array, 0);
    lengthAlias2(array, 0);
    lengthAlias3(array, 0);

    mA = new int[4][4];
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
        mA[i][j] = -1;
      }
    }
    dynamicBCEAndIntrinsic(4);
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
        if (mA[i][i] != 1) {
          System.out.println("dynamic bce failed!");
        }
      }
    }

    array = new int[7];
    pyramid1(array);
    if (!isPyramid(array)) {
      System.out.println("pyramid1 failed!");
    }

    array = new int[8];
    pyramid2(array);
    if (!isPyramid(array)) {
      System.out.println("pyramid2 failed!");
    }

    java.util.Arrays.fill(array, -1);
    pyramid3(array);
    if (!isPyramid(array)) {
      System.out.println("pyramid3 failed!");
    }

    // Make sure this value is kept after deoptimization.
    int i = 1;
    if (foo() + i != 100) {
      System.out.println("foo failed!");
    }

    testUnknownBounds();
    new Main().testExceptionMessage();

    $noinline$testSetZeroToRange();
  }

  public static native boolean compiledWithOptimizing();
  public static native void disableStackFrameAsserts();
  public static native void assertIsManaged();
  public static native void assertIsInterpreted();
  public static native boolean hasOatFile();
  public static native boolean runtimeIsSoftFail();
  public static native boolean isInterpreted();
}