diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp
index e754414..43c3c15 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp
@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@
 namespace nativeloader {
 
 using ::testing::Eq;
-using ::testing::NotNull;
 using ::testing::Return;
 using ::testing::StrEq;
 using ::testing::_;
 using internal::ConfigEntry;
-using internal::ParseApexLibrariesConfig;
 using internal::ParseConfig;
+using internal::ParseApexLibrariesConfig;
 
 #if defined(__LP64__)
 #define LIB_DIR "lib64"
@@ -50,15 +49,19 @@
 #define LIB_DIR "lib"
 #endif
 
-// gmock interface that represents interested platform APIs on libdl_android and libnativebridge
+// gmock interface that represents interested platform APIs on libdl and libnativebridge
 class Platform {
  public:
   virtual ~Platform() {}
 
-  // These mock_* are the APIs semantically the same across libdl_android and libnativebridge.
+  // libdl APIs
+  virtual void* dlopen(const char* filename, int flags) = 0;
+  virtual int dlclose(void* handle) = 0;
+  virtual char* dlerror(void) = 0;
+
+  // These mock_* are the APIs semantically the same across libdl and libnativebridge.
   // Instead of having two set of mock APIs for the two, define only one set with an additional
-  // argument 'bool bridged' to identify the context (i.e., called for libdl_android or
-  // libnativebridge).
+  // argument 'bool bridged' to identify the context (i.e., called for libdl or libnativebridge).
   typedef char* mock_namespace_handle;
   virtual bool mock_init_anonymous_namespace(bool bridged, const char* sonames,
                                              const char* search_paths) = 0;
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@
   virtual void* mock_dlopen_ext(bool bridged, const char* filename, int flags,
                                 mock_namespace_handle ns) = 0;
 
-  // libnativebridge APIs for which libdl_android has no corresponding APIs
+  // libnativebridge APIs for which libdl has no corresponding APIs
   virtual bool NativeBridgeInitialized() = 0;
   virtual const char* NativeBridgeGetError() = 0;
   virtual bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char*) = 0;
@@ -122,6 +125,11 @@
         }));
   }
 
+  // Mocking libdl APIs
+  MOCK_METHOD2(dlopen, void*(const char*, int));
+  MOCK_METHOD1(dlclose, int(void*));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(dlerror, char*());
+
   // Mocking the common APIs
   MOCK_METHOD3(mock_init_anonymous_namespace, bool(bool, const char*, const char*));
   MOCK_METHOD7(mock_create_namespace,
@@ -147,11 +155,19 @@
 
 static std::unique_ptr<MockPlatform> mock;
 
-// Provide C wrappers for the mock object. These symbols must be exported by ld
-// to be able to override the real symbols in the shared libs.
+// Provide C wrappers for the mock object.
 extern "C" {
+void* dlopen(const char* file, int flag) {
+  return mock->dlopen(file, flag);
+}
 
-// libdl_android APIs
+int dlclose(void* handle) {
+  return mock->dlclose(handle);
+}
+
+char* dlerror(void) {
+  return mock->dlerror();
+}
 
 bool android_init_anonymous_namespace(const char* sonames, const char* search_path) {
   return mock->mock_init_anonymous_namespace(false, sonames, search_path);
@@ -181,7 +197,6 @@
 }
 
 // libnativebridge APIs
-
 bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath) {
   return mock->NativeBridgeIsSupported(libpath);
 }
@@ -298,8 +313,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> default_public_libs =
         android::base::Split(preloadable_public_libraries(), ":");
     for (auto l : default_public_libs) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock,
-                  mock_dlopen_ext(false, StrEq(l.c_str()), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE, NotNull()))
+      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, dlopen(StrEq(l.c_str()), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE))
           .WillOnce(Return(any_nonnull));
     }
   }
@@ -322,76 +336,6 @@
   RunTest();
 }
 
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest, OpenNativeLibraryWithoutClassloaderInApex) {
-  const char* test_lib_path = "libfoo.so";
-  void* fake_handle = &fake_handle;  // Arbitrary non-null value
-  EXPECT_CALL(*mock,
-              mock_dlopen_ext(false, StrEq(test_lib_path), RTLD_NOW, NsEq("com_android_art")))
-      .WillOnce(Return(fake_handle));
-
-  bool needs_native_bridge = false;
-  char* errmsg = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(fake_handle,
-            OpenNativeLibrary(env.get(),
-                              /*target_sdk_version=*/17,
-                              test_lib_path,
-                              /*class_loader=*/nullptr,
-                              /*caller_location=*/"/apex/com.android.art/javalib/myloadinglib.jar",
-                              /*library_path=*/nullptr,
-                              &needs_native_bridge,
-                              &errmsg));
-  // OpenNativeLibrary never uses nativebridge when there's no classloader. That
-  // should maybe change.
-  EXPECT_EQ(needs_native_bridge, false);
-  EXPECT_EQ(errmsg, nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest, OpenNativeLibraryWithoutClassloaderInFramework) {
-  const char* test_lib_path = "libfoo.so";
-  void* fake_handle = &fake_handle;  // Arbitrary non-null value
-  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_dlopen_ext(false, StrEq(test_lib_path), RTLD_NOW, NsEq("system")))
-      .WillOnce(Return(fake_handle));
-
-  bool needs_native_bridge = false;
-  char* errmsg = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(fake_handle,
-            OpenNativeLibrary(env.get(),
-                              /*target_sdk_version=*/17,
-                              test_lib_path,
-                              /*class_loader=*/nullptr,
-                              /*caller_location=*/"/system/framework/framework.jar!classes1.dex",
-                              /*library_path=*/nullptr,
-                              &needs_native_bridge,
-                              &errmsg));
-  // OpenNativeLibrary never uses nativebridge when there's no classloader. That
-  // should maybe change.
-  EXPECT_EQ(needs_native_bridge, false);
-  EXPECT_EQ(errmsg, nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest, OpenNativeLibraryWithoutClassloaderAndCallerLocation) {
-  const char* test_lib_path = "libfoo.so";
-  void* fake_handle = &fake_handle;  // Arbitrary non-null value
-  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_dlopen_ext(false, StrEq(test_lib_path), RTLD_NOW, NsEq("system")))
-      .WillOnce(Return(fake_handle));
-
-  bool needs_native_bridge = false;
-  char* errmsg = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_EQ(fake_handle,
-            OpenNativeLibrary(env.get(),
-                              /*target_sdk_version=*/17,
-                              test_lib_path,
-                              /*class_loader=*/nullptr,
-                              /*caller_location=*/nullptr,
-                              /*library_path=*/nullptr,
-                              &needs_native_bridge,
-                              &errmsg));
-  // OpenNativeLibrary never uses nativebridge when there's no classloader. That
-  // should maybe change.
-  EXPECT_EQ(needs_native_bridge, false);
-  EXPECT_EQ(errmsg, nullptr);
-}
-
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NativeLoaderTests, NativeLoaderTest, testing::Bool());
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////