aio: allocate kiocbs in batches
In testing aio on a fast storage device, I found that the context lock
takes up a fair amount of cpu time in the I/O submission path. The reason
is that we take it for every I/O submitted (see __aio_get_req). Since we
know how many I/Os are passed to io_submit, we can preallocate the kiocbs
in batches, reducing the number of times we take and release the lock.
In my testing, I was able to reduce the amount of time spent in
_raw_spin_lock_irq by .56% (average of 3 runs). The command I used to
test this was:
aio-stress -O -o 2 -o 3 -r 8 -d 128 -b 32 -i 32 -s 16384 <dev>
I also tested the patch with various numbers of events passed to
io_submit, and I ran the xfstests aio group of tests to ensure I didn't
break anything.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Ehrenberg <dehrenberg@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/fs/aio.c b/fs/aio.c
index 632b235..78c514c 100644
--- a/fs/aio.c
+++ b/fs/aio.c
@@ -440,8 +440,6 @@
static struct kiocb *__aio_get_req(struct kioctx *ctx)
{
struct kiocb *req = NULL;
- struct aio_ring *ring;
- int okay = 0;
req = kmem_cache_alloc(kiocb_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!req))
@@ -459,39 +457,114 @@
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&req->ki_run_list);
req->ki_eventfd = NULL;
- /* Check if the completion queue has enough free space to
- * accept an event from this io.
- */
- spin_lock_irq(&ctx->ctx_lock);
- ring = kmap_atomic(ctx->ring_info.ring_pages[0], KM_USER0);
- if (ctx->reqs_active < aio_ring_avail(&ctx->ring_info, ring)) {
- list_add(&req->ki_list, &ctx->active_reqs);
- ctx->reqs_active++;
- okay = 1;
- }
- kunmap_atomic(ring, KM_USER0);
- spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->ctx_lock);
-
- if (!okay) {
- kmem_cache_free(kiocb_cachep, req);
- req = NULL;
- }
-
return req;
}
-static inline struct kiocb *aio_get_req(struct kioctx *ctx)
+/*
+ * struct kiocb's are allocated in batches to reduce the number of
+ * times the ctx lock is acquired and released.
+ */
+#define KIOCB_BATCH_SIZE 32L
+struct kiocb_batch {
+ struct list_head head;
+ long count; /* number of requests left to allocate */
+};
+
+static void kiocb_batch_init(struct kiocb_batch *batch, long total)
+{
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&batch->head);
+ batch->count = total;
+}
+
+static void kiocb_batch_free(struct kiocb_batch *batch)
+{
+ struct kiocb *req, *n;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(req, n, &batch->head, ki_batch) {
+ list_del(&req->ki_batch);
+ kmem_cache_free(kiocb_cachep, req);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a batch of kiocbs. This avoids taking and dropping the
+ * context lock a lot during setup.
+ */
+static int kiocb_batch_refill(struct kioctx *ctx, struct kiocb_batch *batch)
+{
+ unsigned short allocated, to_alloc;
+ long avail;
+ bool called_fput = false;
+ struct kiocb *req, *n;
+ struct aio_ring *ring;
+
+ to_alloc = min(batch->count, KIOCB_BATCH_SIZE);
+ for (allocated = 0; allocated < to_alloc; allocated++) {
+ req = __aio_get_req(ctx);
+ if (!req)
+ /* allocation failed, go with what we've got */
+ break;
+ list_add(&req->ki_batch, &batch->head);
+ }
+
+ if (allocated == 0)
+ goto out;
+
+retry:
+ spin_lock_irq(&ctx->ctx_lock);
+ ring = kmap_atomic(ctx->ring_info.ring_pages[0]);
+
+ avail = aio_ring_avail(&ctx->ring_info, ring) - ctx->reqs_active;
+ BUG_ON(avail < 0);
+ if (avail == 0 && !called_fput) {
+ /*
+ * Handle a potential starvation case. It is possible that
+ * we hold the last reference on a struct file, causing us
+ * to delay the final fput to non-irq context. In this case,
+ * ctx->reqs_active is artificially high. Calling the fput
+ * routine here may free up a slot in the event completion
+ * ring, allowing this allocation to succeed.
+ */
+ kunmap_atomic(ring);
+ spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->ctx_lock);
+ aio_fput_routine(NULL);
+ called_fput = true;
+ goto retry;
+ }
+
+ if (avail < allocated) {
+ /* Trim back the number of requests. */
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(req, n, &batch->head, ki_batch) {
+ list_del(&req->ki_batch);
+ kmem_cache_free(kiocb_cachep, req);
+ if (--allocated <= avail)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ batch->count -= allocated;
+ list_for_each_entry(req, &batch->head, ki_batch) {
+ list_add(&req->ki_list, &ctx->active_reqs);
+ ctx->reqs_active++;
+ }
+
+ kunmap_atomic(ring);
+ spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->ctx_lock);
+
+out:
+ return allocated;
+}
+
+static inline struct kiocb *aio_get_req(struct kioctx *ctx,
+ struct kiocb_batch *batch)
{
struct kiocb *req;
- /* Handle a potential starvation case -- should be exceedingly rare as
- * requests will be stuck on fput_head only if the aio_fput_routine is
- * delayed and the requests were the last user of the struct file.
- */
- req = __aio_get_req(ctx);
- if (unlikely(NULL == req)) {
- aio_fput_routine(NULL);
- req = __aio_get_req(ctx);
- }
+
+ if (list_empty(&batch->head))
+ if (kiocb_batch_refill(ctx, batch) == 0)
+ return NULL;
+ req = list_first_entry(&batch->head, struct kiocb, ki_batch);
+ list_del(&req->ki_batch);
return req;
}
@@ -1515,7 +1588,8 @@
}
static int io_submit_one(struct kioctx *ctx, struct iocb __user *user_iocb,
- struct iocb *iocb, bool compat)
+ struct iocb *iocb, struct kiocb_batch *batch,
+ bool compat)
{
struct kiocb *req;
struct file *file;
@@ -1541,7 +1615,7 @@
if (unlikely(!file))
return -EBADF;
- req = aio_get_req(ctx); /* returns with 2 references to req */
+ req = aio_get_req(ctx, batch); /* returns with 2 references to req */
if (unlikely(!req)) {
fput(file);
return -EAGAIN;
@@ -1621,8 +1695,9 @@
{
struct kioctx *ctx;
long ret = 0;
- int i;
+ int i = 0;
struct blk_plug plug;
+ struct kiocb_batch batch;
if (unlikely(nr < 0))
return -EINVAL;
@@ -1639,6 +1714,8 @@
return -EINVAL;
}
+ kiocb_batch_init(&batch, nr);
+
blk_start_plug(&plug);
/*
@@ -1659,12 +1736,13 @@
break;
}
- ret = io_submit_one(ctx, user_iocb, &tmp, compat);
+ ret = io_submit_one(ctx, user_iocb, &tmp, &batch, compat);
if (ret)
break;
}
blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+ kiocb_batch_free(&batch);
put_ioctx(ctx);
return i ? i : ret;
}