diff --git a/arch/alpha/kernel/machvec_impl.h b/arch/alpha/kernel/machvec_impl.h
index f54bdf6..d3398f6a 100644
--- a/arch/alpha/kernel/machvec_impl.h
+++ b/arch/alpha/kernel/machvec_impl.h
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 #define __initmv __initdata
 #define ALIAS_MV(x)
 #else
-#define __initmv __initdata_refok
+#define __initmv __refdata
 
 /* GCC actually has a syntax for defining aliases, but is under some
    delusion that you shouldn't be able to declare it extern somewhere
diff --git a/arch/arc/mm/init.c b/arch/arc/mm/init.c
index 8be9303..399e2f2 100644
--- a/arch/arc/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/arc/mm/init.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 /*
  * free_initmem: Free all the __init memory.
  */
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 	free_initmem_default(-1);
 }
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-integrator/impd1.c b/arch/arm/mach-integrator/impd1.c
index 38b0da3..ed9a014 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-integrator/impd1.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-integrator/impd1.c
@@ -320,11 +320,11 @@
 #define IMPD1_VALID_IRQS 0x00000bffU
 
 /*
- * As this module is bool, it is OK to have this as __init_refok() - no
+ * As this module is bool, it is OK to have this as __ref() - no
  * probe calls will be done after the initial system bootup, as devices
  * are discovered as part of the machine startup.
  */
-static int __init_refok impd1_probe(struct lm_device *dev)
+static int __ref impd1_probe(struct lm_device *dev)
 {
 	struct impd1_module *impd1;
 	int irq_base;
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-mv78xx0/common.c b/arch/arm/mach-mv78xx0/common.c
index 45a0520..6af5430 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-mv78xx0/common.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-mv78xx0/common.c
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
 				DDR_WINDOW_CPU1_BASE, DDR_WINDOW_CPU_SZ);
 }
 
-void __init_refok mv78xx0_timer_init(void)
+void __ref mv78xx0_timer_init(void)
 {
 	orion_time_init(BRIDGE_VIRT_BASE, BRIDGE_INT_TIMER1_CLR,
 			IRQ_MV78XX0_TIMER_1, get_tclk());
diff --git a/arch/blackfin/mm/init.c b/arch/blackfin/mm/init.c
index 166842d..b59cd7c 100644
--- a/arch/blackfin/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/blackfin/mm/init.c
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 #if defined CONFIG_RAMKERNEL && !defined CONFIG_MPU
 	free_initmem_default(-1);
diff --git a/arch/hexagon/mm/init.c b/arch/hexagon/mm/init.c
index 88977e4..192584d 100644
--- a/arch/hexagon/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/hexagon/mm/init.c
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
  * Todo:  free pages between __init_begin and __init_end; possibly
  * some devtree related stuff as well.
  */
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
index 07a4e32..eb9220c 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca.c
@@ -1831,7 +1831,7 @@
 }
 
 /* Caller prevents this from being called after init */
-static void * __init_refok mca_bootmem(void)
+static void * __ref mca_bootmem(void)
 {
 	return __alloc_bootmem(sizeof(struct ia64_mca_cpu),
 	                    KERNEL_STACK_SIZE, 0);
diff --git a/arch/microblaze/mm/init.c b/arch/microblaze/mm/init.c
index 77bc7c7..434639f 100644
--- a/arch/microblaze/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/microblaze/mm/init.c
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
-void * __init_refok alloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
+void * __ref alloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
 {
 	if (mem_init_done)
 		return kmalloc(size, mask);
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
 		return alloc_bootmem(size);
 }
 
-void * __init_refok zalloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
+void * __ref zalloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
 {
 	void *p;
 
diff --git a/arch/microblaze/mm/pgtable.c b/arch/microblaze/mm/pgtable.c
index eb99fcc..cc732fe 100644
--- a/arch/microblaze/mm/pgtable.c
+++ b/arch/microblaze/mm/pgtable.c
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
 	return pa;
 }
 
-__init_refok pte_t *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm,
+__ref pte_t *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		unsigned long address)
 {
 	pte_t *pte;
diff --git a/arch/mips/mm/init.c b/arch/mips/mm/init.c
index 9b58eb5..a5509e7 100644
--- a/arch/mips/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/mips/mm/init.c
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
 
 void (*free_init_pages_eva)(void *begin, void *end) = NULL;
 
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 	prom_free_prom_memory();
 	/*
diff --git a/arch/mips/txx9/generic/pci.c b/arch/mips/txx9/generic/pci.c
index a77698f..1f6bc9a 100644
--- a/arch/mips/txx9/generic/pci.c
+++ b/arch/mips/txx9/generic/pci.c
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	return err;
 }
 
-static void __init_refok quirk_slc90e66_bridge(struct pci_dev *dev)
+static void __ref quirk_slc90e66_bridge(struct pci_dev *dev)
 {
 	int irq;	/* PCI/ISA Bridge interrupt */
 	u8 reg_64;
diff --git a/arch/nios2/mm/init.c b/arch/nios2/mm/init.c
index e75c75d..c92fe42 100644
--- a/arch/nios2/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/nios2/mm/init.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 	free_initmem_default(-1);
 }
diff --git a/arch/openrisc/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/openrisc/mm/ioremap.c
index 5b2a9511..fa60b81 100644
--- a/arch/openrisc/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/openrisc/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
  * have to convert them into an offset in a page-aligned mapping, but the
  * caller shouldn't need to know that small detail.
  */
-void __iomem *__init_refok
+void __iomem *__ref
 __ioremap(phys_addr_t addr, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
 {
 	phys_addr_t p;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
  * the memblock infrastructure.
  */
 
-pte_t __init_refok *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm,
+pte_t __ref *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm,
 					 unsigned long address)
 {
 	pte_t *pte;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/lib/alloc.c b/arch/powerpc/lib/alloc.c
index 60b0b3f..a58abe4 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/lib/alloc.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/lib/alloc.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 
 
-void * __init_refok zalloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
+void * __ref zalloc_maybe_bootmem(size_t size, gfp_t mask)
 {
 	void *p;
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c b/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
index 7f922f5..0ae0572 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-__init_refok pte_t *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
+__ref pte_t *pte_alloc_one_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
 {
 	pte_t *pte;
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/setup.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/setup.c
index 3de4a7c..6b4e9d18 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/setup.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/setup.c
@@ -353,12 +353,12 @@
 machine_late_initcall(powermac, pmac_late_init);
 
 /*
- * This is __init_refok because we check for "initializing" before
+ * This is __ref because we check for "initializing" before
  * touching any of the __init sensitive things and "initializing"
  * will be false after __init time. This can't be __init because it
  * can be called whenever a disk is first accessed.
  */
-void __init_refok note_bootable_part(dev_t dev, int part, int goodness)
+void __ref note_bootable_part(dev_t dev, int part, int goodness)
 {
 	char *p;
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/ps3/device-init.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/ps3/device-init.c
index 3f175e8..57caaf1 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/ps3/device-init.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/ps3/device-init.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int __init_refok ps3_setup_uhc_device(
+static int __ref ps3_setup_uhc_device(
 	const struct ps3_repository_device *repo, enum ps3_match_id match_id,
 	enum ps3_interrupt_type interrupt_type, enum ps3_reg_type reg_type)
 {
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/msi_bitmap.c b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/msi_bitmap.c
index ed5234e..5ebd3f0 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/msi_bitmap.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/msi_bitmap.c
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int __init_refok msi_bitmap_alloc(struct msi_bitmap *bmp, unsigned int irq_count,
+int __ref msi_bitmap_alloc(struct msi_bitmap *bmp, unsigned int irq_count,
 		     struct device_node *of_node)
 {
 	int size;
diff --git a/arch/score/mm/init.c b/arch/score/mm/init.c
index 9fbce49..444c26c 100644
--- a/arch/score/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/score/mm/init.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-void __init_refok free_initmem(void)
+void __ref free_initmem(void)
 {
 	free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
 }
diff --git a/arch/sh/drivers/pci/pci.c b/arch/sh/drivers/pci/pci.c
index d5462b7..84563e3 100644
--- a/arch/sh/drivers/pci/pci.c
+++ b/arch/sh/drivers/pci/pci.c
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
  * We can't use pci_find_device() here since we are
  * called from interrupt context.
  */
-static void __init_refok
+static void __ref
 pcibios_bus_report_status(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int status_mask,
 			  int warn)
 {
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 			pcibios_bus_report_status(dev->subordinate, status_mask, warn);
 }
 
-void __init_refok pcibios_report_status(unsigned int status_mask, int warn)
+void __ref pcibios_report_status(unsigned int status_mask, int warn)
 {
 	struct pci_channel *hose;
 
diff --git a/arch/sh/mm/ioremap.c b/arch/sh/mm/ioremap.c
index 0c99ec2..d09ddfe 100644
--- a/arch/sh/mm/ioremap.c
+++ b/arch/sh/mm/ioremap.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
  * have to convert them into an offset in a page-aligned mapping, but the
  * caller shouldn't need to know that small detail.
  */
-void __iomem * __init_refok
+void __iomem * __ref
 __ioremap_caller(phys_addr_t phys_addr, unsigned long size,
 		 pgprot_t pgprot, void *caller)
 {
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init.c b/arch/x86/mm/init.c
index fb4c1b4..6209289 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/init.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
  * adjust the page_size_mask for small range to go with
  *	big page size instead small one if nearby are ram too.
  */
-static void __init_refok adjust_range_page_size_mask(struct map_range *mr,
+static void __ref adjust_range_page_size_mask(struct map_range *mr,
 							 int nr_range)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
  * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
  * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
  */
-unsigned long __init_refok init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
+unsigned long __ref init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
 					       unsigned long end)
 {
 	struct map_range mr[NR_RANGE_MR];
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/early_printk.c b/arch/x86/platform/efi/early_printk.c
index 5241421..5fdacb3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/early_printk.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/early_printk.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
  * In case earlyprintk=efi,keep we have the whole framebuffer mapped already
  * so just return the offset efi_fb + start.
  */
-static __init_refok void *early_efi_map(unsigned long start, unsigned long len)
+static __ref void *early_efi_map(unsigned long start, unsigned long len)
 {
 	unsigned long base;
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 		return early_ioremap(base + start, len);
 }
 
-static __init_refok void early_efi_unmap(void *addr, unsigned long len)
+static __ref void early_efi_unmap(void *addr, unsigned long len)
 {
 	if (!efi_fb)
 		early_iounmap(addr, len);
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/osl.c b/drivers/acpi/osl.c
index b108f13..4305ee9 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/osl.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/osl.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
  * During early init (when acpi_gbl_permanent_mmap has not been set yet) this
  * routine simply calls __acpi_map_table() to get the job done.
  */
-void __iomem *__init_refok
+void __iomem *__ref
 acpi_os_map_iomem(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size)
 {
 	struct acpi_ioremap *map;
@@ -362,8 +362,7 @@
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(acpi_os_map_iomem);
 
-void *__init_refok
-acpi_os_map_memory(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size)
+void *__ref acpi_os_map_memory(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size)
 {
 	return (void *)acpi_os_map_iomem(phys, size);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/base/node.c b/drivers/base/node.c
index 29cd966..5548f96 100644
--- a/drivers/base/node.c
+++ b/drivers/base/node.c
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
 #define page_initialized(page)  (page->lru.next)
 
-static int __init_refok get_nid_for_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
+static int __ref get_nid_for_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
 {
 	struct page *page;
 
diff --git a/drivers/clk/clkdev.c b/drivers/clk/clkdev.c
index 89cc700..97ae60f 100644
--- a/drivers/clk/clkdev.c
+++ b/drivers/clk/clkdev.c
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
 	char	con_id[MAX_CON_ID];
 };
 
-static struct clk_lookup * __init_refok
+static struct clk_lookup * __ref
 vclkdev_alloc(struct clk_hw *hw, const char *con_id, const char *dev_fmt,
 	va_list ap)
 {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
 	return cl;
 }
 
-struct clk_lookup * __init_refok
+struct clk_lookup * __ref
 clkdev_alloc(struct clk *clk, const char *con_id, const char *dev_fmt, ...)
 {
 	struct clk_lookup *cl;
diff --git a/drivers/pci/xen-pcifront.c b/drivers/pci/xen-pcifront.c
index 5f70fee..d6ff5e8 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/xen-pcifront.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/xen-pcifront.c
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@
 	return err;
 }
 
-static void __init_refok pcifront_backend_changed(struct xenbus_device *xdev,
+static void __ref pcifront_backend_changed(struct xenbus_device *xdev,
 						  enum xenbus_state be_state)
 {
 	struct pcifront_device *pdev = dev_get_drvdata(&xdev->dev);
diff --git a/drivers/video/logo/logo.c b/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
index 10fbfd8..b6bc4a0 100644
--- a/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
+++ b/drivers/video/logo/logo.c
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@
 
 late_initcall(fb_logo_late_init);
 
-/* logo's are marked __initdata. Use __init_refok to tell
+/* logo's are marked __initdata. Use __ref to tell
  * modpost that it is intended that this function uses data
  * marked __initdata.
  */
-const struct linux_logo * __init_refok fb_find_logo(int depth)
+const struct linux_logo * __ref fb_find_logo(int depth)
 {
 	const struct linux_logo *logo = NULL;
 
diff --git a/include/acpi/acpi_io.h b/include/acpi/acpi_io.h
index dd86c5f..d7d0f49 100644
--- a/include/acpi/acpi_io.h
+++ b/include/acpi/acpi_io.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-void __iomem *__init_refok
+void __iomem *__ref
 acpi_os_map_iomem(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size);
 void __ref acpi_os_unmap_iomem(void __iomem *virt, acpi_size size);
 void __iomem *acpi_os_get_iomem(acpi_physical_address phys, unsigned int size);
diff --git a/include/linux/init.h b/include/linux/init.h
index aedb254..6935d02 100644
--- a/include/linux/init.h
+++ b/include/linux/init.h
@@ -77,12 +77,6 @@
 #define __refdata        __section(.ref.data)
 #define __refconst       __constsection(.ref.rodata)
 
-/* compatibility defines */
-#define __init_refok     __ref
-#define __initdata_refok __refdata
-#define __exit_refok     __ref
-
-
 #ifdef MODULE
 #define __exitused
 #else
diff --git a/include/net/net_namespace.h b/include/net/net_namespace.h
index 4089abc..0933c74 100644
--- a/include/net/net_namespace.h
+++ b/include/net/net_namespace.h
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 #define __net_initconst
 #else
 #define __net_init	__init
-#define __net_exit	__exit_refok
+#define __net_exit	__ref
 #define __net_initdata	__initdata
 #define __net_initconst	__initconst
 #endif
diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
index eae02aa..e7345dc 100644
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
 
 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
 
-static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
+static noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
 {
 	int pid;
 
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index ea759b9..39a372a 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -5276,7 +5276,7 @@
 		setup_zone_pageset(zone);
 }
 
-static noinline __init_refok
+static noinline __ref
 int zone_wait_table_init(struct zone *zone, unsigned long zone_size_pages)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -5903,7 +5903,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void __init_refok alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
+static void __ref alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
 {
 	unsigned long __maybe_unused start = 0;
 	unsigned long __maybe_unused offset = 0;
diff --git a/mm/slab.c b/mm/slab.c
index ca135bd..261147b 100644
--- a/mm/slab.c
+++ b/mm/slab.c
@@ -1877,7 +1877,7 @@
 	return cpu_cache;
 }
 
-static int __init_refok setup_cpu_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
+static int __ref setup_cpu_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	if (slab_state >= FULL)
 		return enable_cpucache(cachep, gfp);
diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
index 68885dc..574c67b 100644
--- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
+++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * Uses the main allocators if they are available, else bootmem.
  */
 
-static void * __init_refok __earlyonly_bootmem_alloc(int node,
+static void * __ref __earlyonly_bootmem_alloc(int node,
 				unsigned long size,
 				unsigned long align,
 				unsigned long goal)
diff --git a/mm/sparse.c b/mm/sparse.c
index 36d7bbb..1e168bf 100644
--- a/mm/sparse.c
+++ b/mm/sparse.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
-static struct mem_section noinline __init_refok *sparse_index_alloc(int nid)
+static noinline struct mem_section __ref *sparse_index_alloc(int nid)
 {
 	struct mem_section *section = NULL;
 	unsigned long array_size = SECTIONS_PER_ROOT *